Thermally activated delayed fluorescent phenothiazine-dibenzo[ a , j ]phenazine-phenothiazine triads exhibiting tricolor-changing mechanochromic luminescence

Novel U-shaped donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) π-conjugated multi-functional molecules comprising dibenzo[ , ]phenazine (DBPHZ) as an acceptor and phenothiazines (PTZ) as donors have been developed. Most importantly, the D-A-D compounds exhibit not only distinct tricolor-changeable mechanochromic lumin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical science (Cambridge) 2017-04, Vol.8 (4), p.2677-2686
Main Authors: Okazaki, Masato, Takeda, Youhei, Data, Przemyslaw, Pander, Piotr, Higginbotham, Heather, Monkman, Andrew P, Minakata, Satoshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Devices
Emitters
Fluorescence
Mathematical analysis
Mechanoluminescence
Organic light emitting diodes
X ray diffraction
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Summary:Novel U-shaped donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) π-conjugated multi-functional molecules comprising dibenzo[ , ]phenazine (DBPHZ) as an acceptor and phenothiazines (PTZ) as donors have been developed. Most importantly, the D-A-D compounds exhibit not only distinct tricolor-changeable mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) properties but also efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Quantum chemical calculations, X-ray diffraction analysis, and systematic studies on the photophysical properties indicated that the "two-conformation-switchable" PTZ units play a highly important role in achieving multi-color-changing MCL. Time-resolved photophysical measurements revealed that the developed D-A-D compounds also exhibit efficient orange-TADF. Furthermore, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices fabricated with the new TADF emitters have achieved high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 16.8%, which significantly exceeds the theoretical maximum (∼5%) of conventional fluorescent emitters.
ISSN:2041-6520
2041-6539
DOI:10.1039/c6sc04863c