Epigenetic balance of gene expression by Polycomb and COMPASS families

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in metazoans is central for establishing cellular diversity, and its deregulation can result in pathological conditions. Although transcription factors are essential for implementing gene expression programs, they do not function in isolation and require the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2016-06, Vol.352 (6290), p.1188-1188
Main Authors: Piunti, Andrea, Shilatifard, Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cancer
Cellular
Chromatin
Chromatin - metabolism
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - genetics
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - metabolism
Deregulation
Diseases
Drosophila
Drosophila melanogaster - genetics
Drosophila melanogaster - metabolism
Embryonic Development - genetics
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Gene Expression
Growth and Development
Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase - genetics
Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase - metabolism
Histones
Histones - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Metazoa
Methylation
Mutation
Mutations
Neoplasms - genetics
Polycomb-Group Proteins - genetics
Polycomb-Group Proteins - metabolism
Proteins
Recruitment
REVIEW SUMMARY
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism
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Summary:Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in metazoans is central for establishing cellular diversity, and its deregulation can result in pathological conditions. Although transcription factors are essential for implementing gene expression programs, they do not function in isolation and require the recruitment of various chromatin-modifying and -remodeling machineries. A classic example of developmental chromatin regulation is the balanced activities of the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins within the PRC1 and PRC2 complexes, and the Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins within the COMPASS family, which are highly mutated in a large number of human diseases. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings regarding the properties of the PcG and COMPASS families and the insight they provide into the epigenetic control of transcription under physiological and pathological settings.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.aad9780