The microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through RORγt+T cells

Changes to the symbiotic microbiota early in life, or the absence of it, can lead to exacerbated type 2 immunity and allergic inflammations. Although it is unclear how the microbiota regulates type 2 immunity, it is a strong inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and regulatory T cells...

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Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2015-08, Vol.349 (6251), p.989-993
Main Authors: Ohnmacht, Caspar, Park, Joo-Hong, Cording, Sascha, Wing, James B., Atarashi, Koji, Obata, Yuuki, Gaboriau-Routhiau, Valérie, Marques, Rute, Dulauroy, Sophie, Fedoseeva, Maria, Busslinger, Meinrad, Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine, Boneca, Ivo G., Voehringer, David, Hase, Koji, Honda, Kenya, Sakaguchi, Shimon, Eberl, Gérard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Clostridium
Government regulations
Immunity
Inhabitants
Mice
Microorganisms
Pathology
Tolerances
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Summary:Changes to the symbiotic microbiota early in life, or the absence of it, can lead to exacerbated type 2 immunity and allergic inflammations. Although it is unclear how the microbiota regulates type 2 immunity, it is a strong inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. Here, we report that microbiota-induced Tregs express the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt and differentiate along a pathway that also leads to TH17 cells. In the absence of RORγt+ Tregs, TH2-driven defense against helminths is more efficient, whereas TH2-associated pathology is exacerbated. Thus, the microbiota regulates type 2 responses through the induction of type 3 RORγt+ Tregs and TH17 cells and acts as a key factor in balancing immune responses at mucosal surfaces.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.aac4263