Effects of different sewage sludge applications on heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

In this study, we present the response of spinach to different amendment rates of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g kg −1 ) in a greenhouse pot experiment, where plant growth, biomass and heavy metal uptake were measured. The results showed that sewage sludge application increased soil elect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of phytoremediation 2017-04, Vol.19 (4), p.340-347
Main Authors: Eid, Ebrahem M., El-Bebany, Ahmed F., Alrumman, Sulaiman A., Hesham, Abd El-Latif, Taher, Mostafa A., Fawy, Khaled F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amendments
Bioaccumulation
Biodegradation, Environmental
Biomass
Bioremediation
biosolids
Electrical conductivity
Fertilizers - analysis
Heavy metals
Metals, Heavy - metabolism
organic fertilizer
Roots
Saudi Arabia
Sewage - analysis
Sewage sludge
Sludge
Soil fertility
Soil Pollutants - metabolism
Spinach
Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea - drug effects
Spinacia oleracea - growth & development
Spinacia oleracea - metabolism
trace elements
Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism
Zinc
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Summary:In this study, we present the response of spinach to different amendment rates of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g kg −1 ) in a greenhouse pot experiment, where plant growth, biomass and heavy metal uptake were measured. The results showed that sewage sludge application increased soil electric conductivity (EC), organic matter, chromium and zinc concentrations and decreased soil pH. All heavy metal concentrations of the sewage sludge were below the permissible limits for land application of sewage sludge recommended by the Council of the European Communities. Biomass and all growth parameters (except the shoot/root ratio) of spinach showed a positive response to sewage sludge applications up to 40 g kg −1 compared to the control soil. Increasing the sewage sludge amendment rate caused an increase in all heavy metal concentrations (except lead) in spinach root and shoot. However, all heavy metal concentrations (except chromium and iron) were in the normal range and did not reach the phytotoxic levels. The spinach was characterized by a bioaccumulation factor
ISSN:1522-6514
1549-7879
DOI:10.1080/15226514.2016.1225286