Severe inbreeding depression and rapid fitness rebound in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (satyridae)

We established inbred laboratory lines of the satyrid Bicyclus anynana with one, three and 10 pairs of butterflies, which were subsequently allowed to increase freely to a maximum size of 300 butterflies. Minimally inbred control lines were established with 300 randomly selected virgin butterflies o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Evolution 1996-10, Vol.50 (5), p.2000-2013
Main Authors: Saccheri, I.J. (University of Helsinki, Finland.), Brakefield, P.M, Nichols, R.A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABNORMALITIES
Animal reproduction
Bicyclus anynana
BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Bottleneck
Butterflies & moths
DESARROLLO BIOLOGICO
DEVELOPPEMENT BIOLOGIQUE
DIMENSION
DIMENSIONS
Drosophila
ECLOSABILIDAD DEL HUEVO
ECLOSABILITE
EGG HATCHABILITY
Eggs
FECUNDITY
FERTILIDAD
FERTILITE
FERTILITY
fitness rebound
GENE
GENERATIONS
GENES
GENETIC LOAD
GENETICA DE POBLACIONES
GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS
Hatching
INBRED LINES
Inbreeding
Inbreeding depression
insect emergence
Lepidoptera
LIGNEE CONSANGUINE
LINEAS CONSANGUINEAS
NYMPHALIDAE
OVA
OVULE
OVULO
PESO
Physiological aspects
POIDS
population bottlenecks
POPULATION GENETICS
Quantitative genetics
SELECCION
SELECTION
SIZE
Viability
WEIGHT
Zoology
Zygotes
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Summary:We established inbred laboratory lines of the satyrid Bicyclus anynana with one, three and 10 pairs of butterflies, which were subsequently allowed to increase freely to a maximum size of 300 butterflies. Minimally inbred control lines were established with 300 randomly selected virgin butterflies of equal sex ratio. We measured fecundity, egg weight, egg hatching, adult emergence, adult size, and the proportion of crippled adults in generations F2, F3, F5, and F7(the latter two for the one pair bottleneck lines only). The most striking result was an unexpectedly large decrease in egg hatching with increase in inbreeding (25% per 10% increase in inbreeding). Such a level of inbreeding depression has not been reported previously for any insect. The distribution of egg hatching rate for individual clutches within inbred lines was markedly skewed, with a large fraction of clutches producing no eggs at all. This is interpreted as a relatively lower ratio of detrimental to lethal (or sterile) mutation loads than is found in Drosophila, the only insects for which mutation loads have been well characterized. Possible explanations for this severe inbreeding depression include a relatively high rate of mutation to recessive alleles with substantial damaging effects and infrequent episodes of inbreeding in nature. In the experiments, average egg hatching rate recovered rapidly between F2and F7in three of the six one-pair lines. We discuss the implications of these results for survival of populations through extreme bottlenecks in nature and in captivity
ISSN:0014-3820
1558-5646
DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03587.x