Cognitive reserve is a resilience factor for cognitive dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy

Cognitive Reserve (CR) modulates symptoms of brain disease. The aim of this study was: to evaluate the effect of CR on cognition in cirrhosis and on the mismatch between cognitive and neurophysiologic assessment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Eighty-two outpatient patients with cirrhosis without ov...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metabolic brain disease 2017-08, Vol.32 (4), p.1287-1293
Main Authors: Amodio, Piero, Montagnese, Sara, Spinelli, Giuseppe, Schiff, Sami, Mapelli, Daniela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain
Brain - physiopathology
Cirrhosis
Classification
Cognition
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology
Cognitive Reserve - physiology
EEG
Electroencephalography
Female
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic Encephalopathy - psychology
Humans
Liver cirrhosis
Male
Males
Metabolic Diseases
Middle Aged
Neurology
Neuropsychological Tests
Neurosciences
Oncology
Original Article
Patients
Protective Factors
Resilience
Severity of Illness Index
Spectral analysis
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Summary:Cognitive Reserve (CR) modulates symptoms of brain disease. The aim of this study was: to evaluate the effect of CR on cognition in cirrhosis and on the mismatch between cognitive and neurophysiologic assessment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Eighty-two outpatient patients with cirrhosis without overt HE were studied [73% males; age: 62 (54–68) (median, interq. range) yrs.; education: 8 (6–13) yrs.]. The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) was used as cognitive measure of HE. The spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was used as neurophysiologic measure of HE. The CR was assessed by the CR Index (CRI), which was measured by the CRI questionnaire (CRIq) ( http://cri.psy.unipd.it ). The PHES was altered in 28% of patients and the EEG in 41%. Altered PHES was related to the severity of cirrhosis as assessed by Child-Pugh classification ( R  = 0.31, p  
ISSN:0885-7490
1573-7365
DOI:10.1007/s11011-017-0032-2