A Pictorial Review of Hepatobiliary Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Hepatocyte-Specific Contrast Agents: Uses, Findings, and Pitfalls of Gadoxetate Disodium and Gadobenate Dimeglumine

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a well-established role as a highly specific and accurate modality for characterizing benign and malignant focal liver lesions. In particular, contrast-enhanced MRI using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents (HSCAs) improves lesion detection and character...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Canadian Association of Radiologists journal 2017-08, Vol.68 (3), p.293-307
Main Authors: Scali, Elena P., MD, Walshe, Triona, MBBCh, Tiwari, Hina Arif, MD, Harris, Alison C., MD, Chang, Silvia D., MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cells
Contrast agents
Contrast Media - pharmacokinetics
Contrast Media - pharmacology
Focal liver lesions
Gadobenate dimeglumine
Gadolinium DTPA - pharmacokinetics
Gadolinium DTPA - pharmacology
Gadoxetate disodium
Hepatocyte-specific contrast agents
Hepatocytes
Humans
Image Enhancement - methods
Liver
Liver Diseases - diagnostic imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Meglumine - analogs & derivatives
Meglumine - pharmacokinetics
Meglumine - pharmacology
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Organometallic Compounds - pharmacokinetics
Organometallic Compounds - pharmacology
Radiology
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Summary:Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a well-established role as a highly specific and accurate modality for characterizing benign and malignant focal liver lesions. In particular, contrast-enhanced MRI using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents (HSCAs) improves lesion detection and characterization compared to other imaging modalities and MRI techniques. In this pictorial review, the mechanism of action of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents, with a focus on HSCAs, is described. The clinical indications, protocols, and emerging uses of the 2 commercially available combined contrast agents available in the United States, gadoxetate disodium and gadobenate dimeglumine, are discussed. The MRI features of these agents are compared with examples of focal hepatic masses, many of which have been obtained within the same patient therefore allowing direct lesion comparison. Finally, the pitfalls in the use of combined contrast agents in liver MRI are highlighted.
ISSN:0846-5371
1488-2361
DOI:10.1016/j.carj.2016.10.008