Changes in undergraduates’ marijuana, heavy alcohol and cigarette use following legalization of recreational marijuana use in Oregon

• Published in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2017-11, Vol.112 (11), p.1992-2001
• Main Authors: Kerr, David C. R., Bae, Harold, Phibbs, Sandi, Kern, Adam C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescents; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Alcohol Drinking in College; Alcohol use; Alcoholic beverages; Alcoholism - epidemiology; Cannabis; Cigarette Smoking - epidemiology; cigarettes; College students; Colleges & universities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug addiction; Drug legalization; Drug policy; Drug use; early adulthood; Female; heavy alcohol use; Humans; Institutions; Legalization; Legislation; Legislation, Drug; Logistic Models; Male; Marijuana; Marijuana Use - epidemiology; Marijuana Use - legislation & jurisprudence; Moderation; Oregon; Oregon - epidemiology; Recreation; recreational marijuana legalization; Recreational use; Smoking; States; Students - statistics & numerical data; Substance abuse; Substance use; Undergraduate students; Universities; Young Adult; Young adults
• ISSN: 0965-2140; 1360-0443
• DOI: 10.1111/add.13906

Background and Aims Recreational marijuana legalization (RML) went into effect in Oregon in July 2015. RML is expected to influence marijuana use by adolescents and young adults in particular, and by those with a propensity for substance use. We sought to quantify changes in rates of marijuana use among college students in Oregon from pre‐ to post‐RML relative to college students in other states across the same time period. Design Repeated cross‐sectional survey data from the 2012–16 administrations of the Healthy Minds Study. Setting Seven 4‐year universities in the United States. Participants There were 10 924 undergraduate participants. One large public Oregon university participated in 2014 and 2016 (n = 588 and 1115, respectively); six universities in US states where recreational marijuana use was illegal participated both in 2016 and at least once between 2012 and 2015. Measurements Self‐reported marijuana use in the past 30 days (yes/no) was regressed on time (pre/post 2015), exposure to RML (i.e. Oregon students in 2016) and covariates using mixed‐effects logistic regression. Moderation of RML effects by recent heavy alcohol use was examined. Findings Rates of marijuana use increased from pre‐ to post‐2015 at six of the seven universities, a trend that was significant overall. Increases in rates of marijuana use were significantly greater in Oregon than in comparison institutions, but only among students reporting recent heavy alcohol use. Conclusions Rates of Oregon college students’ marijuana use increased (relative to that of students in other states) following recreational marijuana legislation in 2015, but only for those who reported recent heavy use of alcohol. Such alcohol misuse may be a proxy for vulnerabilities to substance use or lack of prohibitions (e.g. cultural) against it.