Neurogenesis in the aging brain

During aging, the V-SVZ and hippocampus lose neural stem (green) and progenitor cells (blue=TACs; yellow=neuroblasts). Interventions targeting the neurogenic niche can restore neurogenesis in the aged brain. [Display omitted] Adult neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons from neural ste...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochemical pharmacology 2017-10, Vol.141, p.77-85
Main Authors: Apple, Deana M., Solano-Fonseca, Rene, Kokovay, Erzsebet
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - metabolism
Aging - pathology
Animals
Brain - metabolism
Brain - pathology
Humans
Interventions
Neural stem cells
Neural Stem Cells - metabolism
Neural Stem Cells - pathology
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis - physiology
Niche
Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
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Summary:During aging, the V-SVZ and hippocampus lose neural stem (green) and progenitor cells (blue=TACs; yellow=neuroblasts). Interventions targeting the neurogenic niche can restore neurogenesis in the aged brain. [Display omitted] Adult neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) for integration into the brain circuitry. Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, during aging, NSCs and their progenitors exhibit reduced proliferation and neuron production, which is thought to contribute to age-related cognitive impairment and reduced plasticity that is necessary for some types of brain repair. In this review, we describe NSCs and their niches during tissue homeostasis and how they undergo age-associated remodeling and dysfunction. We also discuss some of the functional ramifications in the brain from NSC aging. Finally, we discuss some recent insights from interventions in NSC aging that could eventually translate into therapies for healthy brain aging.
ISSN:0006-2952
1873-2968
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.116