Mechanosensing in hypothalamic osmosensory neurons

Osmosensory neurons are specialized cells activated by increases in blood osmolality to trigger thirst, secretion of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, and elevated sympathetic tone during dehydration. In addition to multiple extrinsic factors modulating their activity, osmosensory neurons are in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in cell & developmental biology 2017-11, Vol.71, p.13-21
Main Author: Prager-Khoutorsky, Masha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin
Actins
Animals
Humans
Ion Channels - metabolism
Mechanotransduction
Microtubule
Microtubules - metabolism
Neurons - physiology
Osmosensing
Osmotic Pressure
TRPV1
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Summary:Osmosensory neurons are specialized cells activated by increases in blood osmolality to trigger thirst, secretion of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, and elevated sympathetic tone during dehydration. In addition to multiple extrinsic factors modulating their activity, osmosensory neurons are intrinsically osmosensitive, as they are activated by increased osmolality in the absence of neighboring cells or synaptic contacts. This intrinsic osmosensitivity is a mechanical process associated with osmolality-induced changes in cell volume. This review summarises recent findings revealing molecular mechanisms underlying the mechanical activation of osmosensory neurons and highlighting important roles of microtubules, actin, and mechanosensitive ion channels in this process.
ISSN:1084-9521
1096-3634
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.006