High Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Performance and Frailty in Aged Mice

Sarcopenia and frailty are highly prevalent in older individuals, increasing the risk of disability and loss of independence. High intensity interval training (HIIT) may provide a robust intervention for both sarcopenia and frailty by achieving both strength and endurance benefits with lower time co...

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Published in:The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2018-03, Vol.73 (4), p.429-437
Main Authors: Seldeen, Kenneth Ladd, Lasky, Ginger, Leiker, Merced Marie, Pang, Manhui, Personius, Kirkwood Ely, Troen, Bruce Robert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorptiometry, Photon
Animals
Body Composition
Exercise Test
Frailty
High-Intensity Interval Training
Interval training
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mitochondria, Muscle
Muscle, Skeletal - anatomy & histology
Older people
Physical fitness
Physical Functional Performance
Physical training
Random Allocation
Rodents
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Summary:Sarcopenia and frailty are highly prevalent in older individuals, increasing the risk of disability and loss of independence. High intensity interval training (HIIT) may provide a robust intervention for both sarcopenia and frailty by achieving both strength and endurance benefits with lower time commitments than other exercise regimens. To better understand the impacts of HIIT during aging, we compared 24-month-old C57BL/6J sedentary mice with those that were administered 10-minute uphill treadmill HIIT sessions three times per week over 16 weeks. Baseline and end point assessments included body composition, physical performance, and frailty based on criteria from the Fried physical frailty scale. HIIT-trained mice demonstrated dramatic improvement in grip strength (HIIT 10.9% vs -3.9% in sedentary mice), treadmill endurance (32.6% vs -2.0%), and gait speed (107.0% vs 39.0%). Muscles from HIIT mice also exhibited greater mass, larger fiber size, and an increase in mitochondrial biomass. Furthermore, HIIT exercise led to a dramatic reduction in frailty scores in five of six mice that were frail or prefrail at baseline, with four ultimately becoming nonfrail. The uphill treadmill HIIT exercise sessions were well tolerated by aged mice and led to performance gains, improvement in underlying muscle physiology, and reduction in frailty.
ISSN:1079-5006
1758-535X
DOI:10.1093/gerona/glx120