Nutrient Deficiencies Are Common Prior to Bariatric Surgery

Obesity, defined as a body mass index >30 kg/m2, is a growing worldwide epidemic currently effecting 1 in 10 adults, with rates as high as 40% in the United States. The only proven long-term treatment of severe obesity on a population level is surgical modification of the gastrointestinal anatomy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrition in clinical practice 2017-08, Vol.32 (4), p.463-469
Main Authors: Frame-Peterson, Leigh A., Megill, Robin D., Carobrese, Suzanne, Schweitzer, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bariatric Surgery
Body Mass Index
Diet
dietary supplements
Folic Acid - blood
gastric bypass
Guidelines as Topic
Humans
Iron - blood
Micronutrients - blood
Micronutrients - deficiency
Nursing
Nutrition Assessment
obesity
Obesity, Morbid - blood
Obesity, Morbid - surgery
Preoperative Care
Preoperative Period
Societies, Scientific
Thiamine - blood
vertical sleeve gastrectomy
Vitamin A - blood
Vitamin B 12 - blood
Vitamin D - blood
vitamin deficiency
vitamins
Weight Loss
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Summary:Obesity, defined as a body mass index >30 kg/m2, is a growing worldwide epidemic currently effecting 1 in 10 adults, with rates as high as 40% in the United States. The only proven long-term treatment of severe obesity on a population level is surgical modification of the gastrointestinal anatomy to induce weight loss, termed bariatric surgery. With adequate physician guidance and appropriate candidate criteria, bariatric surgery is an option for effective long-term treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities. Complications of bariatric surgery can be seen in patients who are not compliant to the recommended lifestyle and dietary changes required following bariatric surgery, including nausea, vomiting, dumping syndrome, acid reflux, and nutrition deficiencies. Despite caloric density, the diet of patients prior to bariatric surgery is often of poor nutrition quality and does not meet recommended dietary guidelines for micronutrient intake, making this an at-risk population for micronutrient malnutrition. Currently, improvements are needed in standardization of nutrition assessment as well as micronutrient cutoffs for deficiency and insufficiency. In the meantime, utilizing our current tools to conduct nutrition assessment at baseline and implement supplementation where necessary may improve the nutrition status of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, both before and after surgery, which may improve their surgical outcomes.
ISSN:0884-5336
1941-2452
DOI:10.1177/0884533617712701