Determination of metabolic resistance mechanisms in pyrethroid‐resistant and fipronil‐tolerant brown dog ticks

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is a three‐host dog tick found worldwide that is able to complete its' entire lifecycle indoors. Options for the management of R. sanguineus are limited and its' control relies largely on only a few acaricidal active ingredients. Pre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical and veterinary entomology 2017-09, Vol.31 (3), p.243-251
Main Authors: EIDEN, A. L., KAUFMAN, P. E., OI, F. M., DARK, M. J., BLOOMQUIST, J. R., MILLER, R. J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acaricide
Acaricides - pharmacology
Animals
Cytochrome
Cytochrome P450
Detoxification
Diethyl maleate
Drug Resistance
Enzymes
Esterase
Fipronil
Gel electrophoresis
Glutathione transferase
Inactivation, Metabolic
Larva - drug effects
Larva - growth & development
Larva - metabolism
Life cycles
Metabolism
Permethrin
Permethrin - pharmacology
Piperonyl butoxide
Pyrazoles - pharmacology
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rhipicephalus sanguineus - drug effects
Rhipicephalus sanguineus - growth & development
Rhipicephalus sanguineus - metabolism
synergist
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Description
Summary:Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is a three‐host dog tick found worldwide that is able to complete its' entire lifecycle indoors. Options for the management of R. sanguineus are limited and its' control relies largely on only a few acaricidal active ingredients. Previous studies have confirmed permethrin resistance and fipronil tolerance in R. sanguineus populations, commonly conferred by metabolic detoxification or target site mutations. Herein, five strains of permethrin‐resistant and three strains of fipronil‐tolerant ticks were evaluated for metabolic resistance using synergists to block metabolic enzymes. Synergist studies were completed with triphenyl phosphate (TPP) for esterase inhibition, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) for cytochrome P450 inhibition, and diethyl maleate (DEM) for glutathione‐S‐transferase inhibition. Additionally, increased esterase activity was confirmed using gel electrophoresis. The most important metabolic detoxification mechanism in permethrin‐resistant ticks was increased esterase activity, followed by increased cytochrome P450 activity. The inhibition of metabolic enzymes did not have a marked impact on fipronil‐tolerant tick strains.
ISSN:0269-283X
1365-2915
DOI:10.1111/mve.12240