Impact of childhood trauma on cognitive profile in bipolar disorder

• Published in: Bipolar disorders 2017-08, Vol.19 (5), p.363-374
• Main Authors: Jiménez, Esther, Solé, Brisa, Arias, Bárbara, Mitjans, Marina, Varo, Cristina, Reinares, María, Bonnín, Caterina del Mar, Ruíz, Victoria, Saiz, Pilar Alejandra, García‐Portilla, M Paz, Burón, Patricia, Bobes, Julio, Amann, Benedikt L, Martínez‐Arán, Anabel, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Benabarre, Antoni
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse - psychology; Adverse childhood experiences; Bipolar disorder; Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis; Bipolar Disorder - epidemiology; Bipolar Disorder - psychology; Chi-square test; childhood trauma; Children; cluster analysis; Cognition; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis; Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology; Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology; cognitive impairment; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Intelligence Tests; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Remission; Risk Factors; Sociodemographics; Spain - epidemiology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Trauma
• ISSN: 1398-5647; 1399-5618
• DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12514

Objectives Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with cognitive impairment even during remission periods. Nonetheless, this impairment seems to adjust to different profiles of severity. Our aim was to examine the potential impact of childhood trauma (CT) on cognitive performance and, more specifically, on neurocognitive profile membership. Methods Using a data‐driven strategy, 113 euthymic bipolar patients were grouped according to their cognitive performance using a hierarchical clustering technique. Patients from the three resulting clusters, the so‐called “low”, “average”, and “high performance” groups, were then compared in terms of main sociodemographic, clinical and functioning variables, including CT measures. One‐way ANOVA, a chi‐square test and partial correlations were used for this purpose, as appropriate. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to determine which variables contributed to neurocognitive clustering membership. Results Patients from the three neurocognitive clusters differed in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, functioning and CT variables. Scores on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), especially on the physical negligence subscale, were also associated with a poor cognitive performance. The multinomial regression model indicated that CTQ total scores and the estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) significantly contributed to differentiation among the three neurocognitive groups. Conclusions Our results confirmed that CT significantly impacts on cognitive performance during adulthood in BD. The data obtained suggest that a history of CT could act as a liability marker for cognitive impairment. A higher estimated IQ may act as a protective factor against cognitive decline in this group of patients.