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Rafting by five phyla on man-made flotsam in the Southern Ocean

In just 4 decades, marine litter has become abundant in northern oceans and seas and is increasing on even remote Southern Ocean island shores. The Southern Ocean was thought to be protected from rafting organisms by its freezing sea surface temperatures. Here we report on an assemblage of animals a...

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Published in:	Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek) 2003-11, Vol.262, p.289-291
Main Authors:	Barnes, David K. A., Fraser, Keiron P. P.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Antarctic regions Areal geology. Maps Biological and medical sciences Biological taxonomies Buoyancy Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ectoprocta Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geologic maps, cartography Marine Marine debris Micropora brevissima Oceans Rafting Sea transportation Sea water ecosystems Seas Synecology Taxa
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creator	Barnes, David K. A. Fraser, Keiron P. P.
description	In just 4 decades, marine litter has become abundant in northern oceans and seas and is increasing on even remote Southern Ocean island shores. The Southern Ocean was thought to be protected from rafting organisms by its freezing sea surface temperatures. Here we report on an assemblage of animals attached to a piece of plastic that was washed ashore on Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula (68° S). The band of plastic was positively buoyant. At least 10 species belonging to 5 phyla were present on the plastic and the size of some indicated that it had been afloat for more than a year. Clearly it is possible for a range of animals to survive and grow in such an environment, and so exotic species could enter or leave the Southern Ocean.
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subjects	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Antarctic regions Areal geology. Maps Biological and medical sciences Biological taxonomies Buoyancy Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ectoprocta Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geologic maps, cartography Marine Marine debris Micropora brevissima Oceans Rafting Sea transportation Sea water ecosystems Seas Synecology Taxa
title	Rafting by five phyla on man-made flotsam in the Southern Ocean
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