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Validation and Normalization of the Tower of London-Drexel University Test 2nd Edition in an Adult Population with Intellectual Disability
Despite how important it is to assess executive functioning in persons with Intellectual Disability (ID), instruments adapted and validated for this population are scarce. This study’s primary goal was to find evidence for the validity of the ID version of the Tower of London (TOLDXtm) test in perso...
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Published in: | The Spanish journal of psychology 2017-07, Vol.20, p.E32-E32 |
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creator | García-Alba, Javier Esteba-Castillo, Susanna Castellanos López, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Hidalgo, Emili Ribas Vidal, Nuria Moldenhauer Díaz, Fernando Novell-Alsina, Ramón |
description | Despite how important it is to assess executive functioning in persons with Intellectual Disability (ID), instruments adapted and validated for this population are scarce. This study’s primary goal was to find evidence for the validity of the ID version of the Tower of London (TOLDXtm) test in persons with mild (IDMi) and moderate (IDMo) levels of ID with Down Syndrome (DS). A multicenter study was carried out. Subjects (n = 63, ≥ 39 years old) had DS with mild (n = 39) or moderate ID (n = 24) with no minor neurocognitive disorder or Alzheimer’s disease. Assessment protocol: TOLDXtm for ID, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Second Edition (K-BIT II), Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS), Weigl’s Color-Form Sorting Test (WCFST), Barcelona Test for Intellectual Disability (BT-ID), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-P). The internal consistency (IDMi and IDMo), factor structure of the different subscales, and relationship between TOLDXtm subscales and other cognitive measures (BT-ID, WCFST, and BRIEF-P) were analyzed. A normative data table with ID population quartiles is provided. TOLDXtm for ID showed a robust one factor structure and coherentassociations with other, related neuropsychological instruments. Significant differences between IDMi and IDMo on movement-related variables like Correct (Corr; p = .002) and Moves (Mov; p = .042) were observed, along with good internal consistency values, Corr (α = .75), Mov (α = .52). Regarding internal consistency, no between-groups differences were observed (all p-value > 0.05). The TOLDXtm for ID is thus an instrument, supported by good validity evidence, to evaluate problem-solving and planning in ID. It distinguishes between individuals with mild and moderate ID, and is highly associated with other measures of executive functioning. |
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This study’s primary goal was to find evidence for the validity of the ID version of the Tower of London (TOLDXtm) test in persons with mild (IDMi) and moderate (IDMo) levels of ID with Down Syndrome (DS). A multicenter study was carried out. Subjects (n = 63, ≥ 39 years old) had DS with mild (n = 39) or moderate ID (n = 24) with no minor neurocognitive disorder or Alzheimer’s disease. Assessment protocol: TOLDXtm for ID, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Second Edition (K-BIT II), Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS), Weigl’s Color-Form Sorting Test (WCFST), Barcelona Test for Intellectual Disability (BT-ID), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-P). The internal consistency (IDMi and IDMo), factor structure of the different subscales, and relationship between TOLDXtm subscales and other cognitive measures (BT-ID, WCFST, and BRIEF-P) were analyzed. A normative data table with ID population quartiles is provided. TOLDXtm for ID showed a robust one factor structure and coherentassociations with other, related neuropsychological instruments. Significant differences between IDMi and IDMo on movement-related variables like Correct (Corr; p = .002) and Moves (Mov; p = .042) were observed, along with good internal consistency values, Corr (α = .75), Mov (α = .52). Regarding internal consistency, no between-groups differences were observed (all p-value > 0.05). The TOLDXtm for ID is thus an instrument, supported by good validity evidence, to evaluate problem-solving and planning in ID. It distinguishes between individuals with mild and moderate ID, and is highly associated with other measures of executive functioning.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1138-7416</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1988-2904</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2017.30</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28726593</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Addictive behaviors ; Adult ; Adults ; Alzheimer's disease ; Behavior ; Brain research ; Clinical and Health Psychology ; Dementia ; Down syndrome ; Down Syndrome - diagnosis ; Down Syndrome - physiopathology ; Executive function ; Executive Function - physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual disabilities ; Intellectual Disability - diagnosis ; Intellectual Disability - physiopathology ; Intelligence tests ; Learning disabled people ; Male ; Memory ; Mental disorders ; Middle Aged ; Multicenter studies ; Neurocognition ; Neuropsychological Tests - standards ; Neuropsychology ; Normalization ; Normative data ; Older people ; Problem solving ; Psychology ; Psychometrics - instrumentation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Validity ; Vitamin deficiency</subject><ispartof>The Spanish journal of psychology, 2017-07, Vol.20, p.E32-E32</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2788899319/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2788899319?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,12846,21393,27923,27924,33222,33610,33611,43732,72831,74092</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726593$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>García-Alba, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esteba-Castillo, Susanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castellanos López, Miguel Ángel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez Hidalgo, Emili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribas Vidal, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moldenhauer Díaz, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Novell-Alsina, Ramón</creatorcontrib><title>Validation and Normalization of the Tower of London-Drexel University Test 2nd Edition in an Adult Population with Intellectual Disability</title><title>The Spanish journal of psychology</title><addtitle>Span. J. Psychol</addtitle><description>Despite how important it is to assess executive functioning in persons with Intellectual Disability (ID), instruments adapted and validated for this population are scarce. This study’s primary goal was to find evidence for the validity of the ID version of the Tower of London (TOLDXtm) test in persons with mild (IDMi) and moderate (IDMo) levels of ID with Down Syndrome (DS). A multicenter study was carried out. Subjects (n = 63, ≥ 39 years old) had DS with mild (n = 39) or moderate ID (n = 24) with no minor neurocognitive disorder or Alzheimer’s disease. Assessment protocol: TOLDXtm for ID, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Second Edition (K-BIT II), Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS), Weigl’s Color-Form Sorting Test (WCFST), Barcelona Test for Intellectual Disability (BT-ID), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-P). The internal consistency (IDMi and IDMo), factor structure of the different subscales, and relationship between TOLDXtm subscales and other cognitive measures (BT-ID, WCFST, and BRIEF-P) were analyzed. A normative data table with ID population quartiles is provided. TOLDXtm for ID showed a robust one factor structure and coherentassociations with other, related neuropsychological instruments. Significant differences between IDMi and IDMo on movement-related variables like Correct (Corr; p = .002) and Moves (Mov; p = .042) were observed, along with good internal consistency values, Corr (α = .75), Mov (α = .52). Regarding internal consistency, no between-groups differences were observed (all p-value > 0.05). The TOLDXtm for ID is thus an instrument, supported by good validity evidence, to evaluate problem-solving and planning in ID. It distinguishes between individuals with mild and moderate ID, and is highly associated with other measures of executive functioning.</description><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Clinical and Health Psychology</subject><subject>Dementia</subject><subject>Down syndrome</subject><subject>Down Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Down Syndrome - physiopathology</subject><subject>Executive function</subject><subject>Executive Function - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intellectual disabilities</subject><subject>Intellectual Disability - diagnosis</subject><subject>Intellectual Disability - physiopathology</subject><subject>Intelligence tests</subject><subject>Learning disabled people</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multicenter studies</subject><subject>Neurocognition</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests - standards</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Normalization</subject><subject>Normative data</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Problem solving</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychometrics - instrumentation</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Validity</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><issn>1138-7416</issn><issn>1988-2904</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8BJ</sourceid><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>M2R</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtLJDEUhYOMqKOu3A8BN26qzaMeyVJsHYVGXbRuQypJaZpUpU1Svn6Cv9rUtMPArO6D7x4O9wBwhNEMI9ycxtV6RnIzo2gL7GHOWEE4Kn_kHlNWNCWud8HPGFcI0YZUbAfsEtaQuuJ0D3w-SGe1TNYPUA4a3vjQ583HZuM7mJ4MXPpXE6Zh4Qfth2IezJtx8H6wLyZEm97h0sQESb6_0PbPpZ3k4JkeXYJ3fj26jeCrTU_wekjGOaPSKB2c2yhb67LIAdjupIvm8Lvug_vLi-X5VbG4_X19frYoFEFNKsq2YoSotqo1RnWlVYUbSXBdEl6rrlWIKMZlV5ISl6jFTasqqkqNO66UQZTRfXCy0V0H_zxm46K3UWVHcjB-jAJzkh9HOJ7Q4__QlR_DkN0J0jDGOKeYZ-rXNzW2vdFiHWwvw7v4--UMFBtAyb4NVj-afzoYiSlFkVMUU4qCIvoFmkGN9Q</recordid><startdate>20170720</startdate><enddate>20170720</enddate><creator>García-Alba, Javier</creator><creator>Esteba-Castillo, Susanna</creator><creator>Castellanos López, Miguel Ángel</creator><creator>Rodríguez Hidalgo, Emili</creator><creator>Ribas Vidal, Nuria</creator><creator>Moldenhauer Díaz, Fernando</creator><creator>Novell-Alsina, Ramón</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>89V</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8BY</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170720</creationdate><title>Validation and Normalization of the Tower of London-Drexel University Test 2nd Edition in an Adult Population with Intellectual Disability</title><author>García-Alba, Javier ; Esteba-Castillo, Susanna ; Castellanos López, Miguel Ángel ; Rodríguez Hidalgo, Emili ; Ribas Vidal, Nuria ; Moldenhauer Díaz, Fernando ; Novell-Alsina, Ramón</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c207t-4b5822cb56d1065dc517a2164296cfbc02c89af424140b17bc53c4d1f9cce0383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Clinical and Health Psychology</topic><topic>Dementia</topic><topic>Down syndrome</topic><topic>Down Syndrome - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>The Spanish journal of psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>García-Alba, Javier</au><au>Esteba-Castillo, Susanna</au><au>Castellanos López, Miguel Ángel</au><au>Rodríguez Hidalgo, Emili</au><au>Ribas Vidal, Nuria</au><au>Moldenhauer Díaz, Fernando</au><au>Novell-Alsina, Ramón</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Validation and Normalization of the Tower of London-Drexel University Test 2nd Edition in an Adult Population with Intellectual Disability</atitle><jtitle>The Spanish journal of psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Span. J. Psychol</addtitle><date>2017-07-20</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>20</volume><spage>E32</spage><epage>E32</epage><pages>E32-E32</pages><issn>1138-7416</issn><eissn>1988-2904</eissn><abstract>Despite how important it is to assess executive functioning in persons with Intellectual Disability (ID), instruments adapted and validated for this population are scarce. This study’s primary goal was to find evidence for the validity of the ID version of the Tower of London (TOLDXtm) test in persons with mild (IDMi) and moderate (IDMo) levels of ID with Down Syndrome (DS). A multicenter study was carried out. Subjects (n = 63, ≥ 39 years old) had DS with mild (n = 39) or moderate ID (n = 24) with no minor neurocognitive disorder or Alzheimer’s disease. Assessment protocol: TOLDXtm for ID, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Second Edition (K-BIT II), Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS), Weigl’s Color-Form Sorting Test (WCFST), Barcelona Test for Intellectual Disability (BT-ID), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-P). The internal consistency (IDMi and IDMo), factor structure of the different subscales, and relationship between TOLDXtm subscales and other cognitive measures (BT-ID, WCFST, and BRIEF-P) were analyzed. A normative data table with ID population quartiles is provided. TOLDXtm for ID showed a robust one factor structure and coherentassociations with other, related neuropsychological instruments. Significant differences between IDMi and IDMo on movement-related variables like Correct (Corr; p = .002) and Moves (Mov; p = .042) were observed, along with good internal consistency values, Corr (α = .75), Mov (α = .52). Regarding internal consistency, no between-groups differences were observed (all p-value > 0.05). The TOLDXtm for ID is thus an instrument, supported by good validity evidence, to evaluate problem-solving and planning in ID. It distinguishes between individuals with mild and moderate ID, and is highly associated with other measures of executive functioning.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>28726593</pmid><doi>10.1017/sjp.2017.30</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Addictive behaviors Adult Adults Alzheimer's disease Behavior Brain research Clinical and Health Psychology Dementia Down syndrome Down Syndrome - diagnosis Down Syndrome - physiopathology Executive function Executive Function - physiology Female Humans Intellectual disabilities Intellectual Disability - diagnosis Intellectual Disability - physiopathology Intelligence tests Learning disabled people Male Memory Mental disorders Middle Aged Multicenter studies Neurocognition Neuropsychological Tests - standards Neuropsychology Normalization Normative data Older people Problem solving Psychology Psychometrics - instrumentation Reproducibility of Results Validity Vitamin deficiency |
title | Validation and Normalization of the Tower of London-Drexel University Test 2nd Edition in an Adult Population with Intellectual Disability |
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