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Diagnostic accuracy of haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid as a potential point‐of‐care test for epithelial ovarian cancer: an observational study
Objective To investigate haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid (OCF) as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and develop an in vitro diagnostic point‐of‐care device test (IVDPCT) for use in the operating theatre. Design Retrospective and prospective cohort study. Setting South‐...
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Published in: | BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2018-03, Vol.125 (4), p.421-431 |
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container_title | BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology |
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creator | Mahyuddin, AP Liu, L Zhao, C Kothandaraman, N Salto‐Tellez, M Pang, BNK Lim, DGS Annalamai, L Chan, JKY Lim, TYK Biswas, A Rice, G Razvi, K Choolani, M |
description | Objective
To investigate haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid (OCF) as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and develop an in vitro diagnostic point‐of‐care device test (IVDPCT) for use in the operating theatre.
Design
Retrospective and prospective cohort study.
Setting
South‐East Asia.
Population
Women with suspicious ovarian cysts.
Methods
Proteomic, immunohistochemical and ELISA methods measured haptoglobin in OCF to differentiate benign and EOCs. Diagnostic performance of haptoglobin was compared with CA125, risk malignancy indices (RMI) and frozen section. Blinded validation of the IVDPCT was performed.
Main outcome measures
Prediction of malignancy.
Results
Haptoglobin concentration measured by ELISA was 0.70 ± 0.09 mg/ml in patients with benign cysts (n = 87), 6.22 ± 0.53 mg/ml in early stage‐EOC (n = 17), and 6.57 ± 0.65 mg/ml in late stage‐EOC (n = 20). Haptoglobin in EOCs was significantly higher than in benign cysts (P |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1471-0528.14835 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1924600067</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2002061764</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4125-a706e9c2a581b4c2b295f2d6ca7300e4dddb8f1ae2127297d8509d776ba2cf7f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkb1u1jAUhi0EoqUwsyFLLCxpbSe2EzZo-asqdYHZOvFP6ypfHGynVbZeAiPX1yup0698A0s9-LyyHj860ovQW0oOaTlHtJG0Ipy1h7Rpa_4M7e9enj9kUpGatXvoVUpXhFDBSP0S7bFWct7UYh_9PfFwMYaUvcag9RxBLzg4fAlTDhdD6P2Ib3y-LCNcQ_QwYr2kjN0we4MhYcBTyHbMHoaS_Jjvbv8EVy4N0eJsVzZEbKciscNK7Twwahs_4hJDn2y8huzDWICUZ7O8Ri8cDMm-eZwH6NfXLz-Pv1dn599-HH86q3RDGa9AEmE7zYC3tG8061nHHTNCg6wJsY0xpm8dBcsok6yTpuWkM1KKHph20tUH6MPWO8Xwey7rqo1P2g4DjDbMSdGONYIQImRB3_-HXoU5lo2TYoQwIqgUTaGOtpSOIaVonZqi30BcFCVqLU2tFam1IvVQWvnx7tE79xtrdvy_lgrAt8CNH-zylE99Pj3fiu8Bx2mlbg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2002061764</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Diagnostic accuracy of haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid as a potential point‐of‐care test for epithelial ovarian cancer: an observational study</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection</source><creator>Mahyuddin, AP ; Liu, L ; Zhao, C ; Kothandaraman, N ; Salto‐Tellez, M ; Pang, BNK ; Lim, DGS ; Annalamai, L ; Chan, JKY ; Lim, TYK ; Biswas, A ; Rice, G ; Razvi, K ; Choolani, M</creator><creatorcontrib>Mahyuddin, AP ; Liu, L ; Zhao, C ; Kothandaraman, N ; Salto‐Tellez, M ; Pang, BNK ; Lim, DGS ; Annalamai, L ; Chan, JKY ; Lim, TYK ; Biswas, A ; Rice, G ; Razvi, K ; Choolani, M</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To investigate haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid (OCF) as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and develop an in vitro diagnostic point‐of‐care device test (IVDPCT) for use in the operating theatre.
Design
Retrospective and prospective cohort study.
Setting
South‐East Asia.
Population
Women with suspicious ovarian cysts.
Methods
Proteomic, immunohistochemical and ELISA methods measured haptoglobin in OCF to differentiate benign and EOCs. Diagnostic performance of haptoglobin was compared with CA125, risk malignancy indices (RMI) and frozen section. Blinded validation of the IVDPCT was performed.
Main outcome measures
Prediction of malignancy.
Results
Haptoglobin concentration measured by ELISA was 0.70 ± 0.09 mg/ml in patients with benign cysts (n = 87), 6.22 ± 0.53 mg/ml in early stage‐EOC (n = 17), and 6.57 ± 0.65 mg/ml in late stage‐EOC (n = 20). Haptoglobin in EOCs was significantly higher than in benign cysts (P < 0.0001). Haptoglobin using rapid colorimetric assay (RCA) on a training set had a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity 92.0%, comparable to ELISA and frozen sections. The haptoglobin AUROC curve was 0.999 (95% CI 0.997–1.000) compared with 0.895 (95% CI 0.814–0.977, P < 0.05) for CA125. Haptoglobin performed significantly better than all the RMIs (P < 0.01). Blinded validation studies showed a minor drop in average diagnostic performance (sensitivity 85.2% and specificity 90.5%) compared with the training set. However, when compared with frozen section, haptoglobin was no worse in diagnostic accuracy for malignancy.
Conclusion
Haptoglobin was identified as a biomarker for the detection of EOC with potential as a point‐of‐care diagnostic tool.
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Haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid: a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and point‐of‐care diagnostics.
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Haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid: a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and point‐of‐care diagnostics.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1470-0328</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-0528</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14835</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28755436</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Adult ; Aged ; Asia, Southeastern ; Benign ; Biomarker ; Biomarkers ; Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis ; CA-125 Antigen - analysis ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - pathology ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - surgery ; Cohort Studies ; Colorimetry ; Cyst Fluid - diagnostic imaging ; Cysts ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic tests ; Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; epithelial ovarian cancer ; Female ; frozen section ; Frozen Sections - methods ; Haptoglobin ; Haptoglobins - analysis ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intraoperative Care - methods ; in vitro diagnostic ; Malignancy ; Medical diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Observational studies ; Ovarian cancer ; Ovarian Cysts - diagnosis ; Ovarian Cysts - pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms - surgery ; Point-of-Care Testing ; point‐of‐care ; Population studies ; Proteomics - methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><ispartof>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2018-03, Vol.125 (4), p.421-431</ispartof><rights>2017 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</rights><rights>2017 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4125-a706e9c2a581b4c2b295f2d6ca7300e4dddb8f1ae2127297d8509d776ba2cf7f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4125-a706e9c2a581b4c2b295f2d6ca7300e4dddb8f1ae2127297d8509d776ba2cf7f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28755436$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mahyuddin, AP</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kothandaraman, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salto‐Tellez, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pang, BNK</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, DGS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annalamai, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, JKY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, TYK</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biswas, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rice, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Razvi, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choolani, M</creatorcontrib><title>Diagnostic accuracy of haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid as a potential point‐of‐care test for epithelial ovarian cancer: an observational study</title><title>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</title><addtitle>BJOG</addtitle><description>Objective
To investigate haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid (OCF) as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and develop an in vitro diagnostic point‐of‐care device test (IVDPCT) for use in the operating theatre.
Design
Retrospective and prospective cohort study.
Setting
South‐East Asia.
Population
Women with suspicious ovarian cysts.
Methods
Proteomic, immunohistochemical and ELISA methods measured haptoglobin in OCF to differentiate benign and EOCs. Diagnostic performance of haptoglobin was compared with CA125, risk malignancy indices (RMI) and frozen section. Blinded validation of the IVDPCT was performed.
Main outcome measures
Prediction of malignancy.
Results
Haptoglobin concentration measured by ELISA was 0.70 ± 0.09 mg/ml in patients with benign cysts (n = 87), 6.22 ± 0.53 mg/ml in early stage‐EOC (n = 17), and 6.57 ± 0.65 mg/ml in late stage‐EOC (n = 20). Haptoglobin in EOCs was significantly higher than in benign cysts (P < 0.0001). Haptoglobin using rapid colorimetric assay (RCA) on a training set had a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity 92.0%, comparable to ELISA and frozen sections. The haptoglobin AUROC curve was 0.999 (95% CI 0.997–1.000) compared with 0.895 (95% CI 0.814–0.977, P < 0.05) for CA125. Haptoglobin performed significantly better than all the RMIs (P < 0.01). Blinded validation studies showed a minor drop in average diagnostic performance (sensitivity 85.2% and specificity 90.5%) compared with the training set. However, when compared with frozen section, haptoglobin was no worse in diagnostic accuracy for malignancy.
Conclusion
Haptoglobin was identified as a biomarker for the detection of EOC with potential as a point‐of‐care diagnostic tool.
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Haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid: a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and point‐of‐care diagnostics.
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Haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid: a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and point‐of‐care diagnostics.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Asia, Southeastern</subject><subject>Benign</subject><subject>Biomarker</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis</subject><subject>CA-125 Antigen - analysis</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - diagnosis</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - surgery</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Colorimetry</subject><subject>Cyst Fluid - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cysts</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>Diagnostic tests</subject><subject>Dimensional Measurement Accuracy</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>epithelial ovarian cancer</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>frozen section</subject><subject>Frozen Sections - methods</subject><subject>Haptoglobin</subject><subject>Haptoglobins - analysis</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Intraoperative Care - methods</subject><subject>in vitro diagnostic</subject><subject>Malignancy</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Observational studies</subject><subject>Ovarian cancer</subject><subject>Ovarian Cysts - diagnosis</subject><subject>Ovarian Cysts - pathology</subject><subject>Ovarian Neoplasms - diagnosis</subject><subject>Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Ovarian Neoplasms - surgery</subject><subject>Point-of-Care Testing</subject><subject>point‐of‐care</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Proteomics - methods</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><issn>1470-0328</issn><issn>1471-0528</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkb1u1jAUhi0EoqUwsyFLLCxpbSe2EzZo-asqdYHZOvFP6ypfHGynVbZeAiPX1yup0698A0s9-LyyHj860ovQW0oOaTlHtJG0Ipy1h7Rpa_4M7e9enj9kUpGatXvoVUpXhFDBSP0S7bFWct7UYh_9PfFwMYaUvcag9RxBLzg4fAlTDhdD6P2Ib3y-LCNcQ_QwYr2kjN0we4MhYcBTyHbMHoaS_Jjvbv8EVy4N0eJsVzZEbKciscNK7Twwahs_4hJDn2y8huzDWICUZ7O8Ri8cDMm-eZwH6NfXLz-Pv1dn599-HH86q3RDGa9AEmE7zYC3tG8061nHHTNCg6wJsY0xpm8dBcsok6yTpuWkM1KKHph20tUH6MPWO8Xwey7rqo1P2g4DjDbMSdGONYIQImRB3_-HXoU5lo2TYoQwIqgUTaGOtpSOIaVonZqi30BcFCVqLU2tFam1IvVQWvnx7tE79xtrdvy_lgrAt8CNH-zylE99Pj3fiu8Bx2mlbg</recordid><startdate>201803</startdate><enddate>201803</enddate><creator>Mahyuddin, AP</creator><creator>Liu, L</creator><creator>Zhao, C</creator><creator>Kothandaraman, N</creator><creator>Salto‐Tellez, M</creator><creator>Pang, BNK</creator><creator>Lim, DGS</creator><creator>Annalamai, L</creator><creator>Chan, JKY</creator><creator>Lim, TYK</creator><creator>Biswas, A</creator><creator>Rice, G</creator><creator>Razvi, K</creator><creator>Choolani, M</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201803</creationdate><title>Diagnostic accuracy of haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid as a potential point‐of‐care test for epithelial ovarian cancer: an observational study</title><author>Mahyuddin, AP ; Liu, L ; Zhao, C ; Kothandaraman, N ; Salto‐Tellez, M ; Pang, BNK ; Lim, DGS ; Annalamai, L ; Chan, JKY ; Lim, TYK ; Biswas, A ; Rice, G ; Razvi, K ; Choolani, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4125-a706e9c2a581b4c2b295f2d6ca7300e4dddb8f1ae2127297d8509d776ba2cf7f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Asia, Southeastern</topic><topic>Benign</topic><topic>Biomarker</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis</topic><topic>CA-125 Antigen - analysis</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - diagnosis</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - surgery</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Colorimetry</topic><topic>Cyst Fluid - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cysts</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>Diagnostic tests</topic><topic>Dimensional Measurement Accuracy</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>epithelial ovarian cancer</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>frozen section</topic><topic>Frozen Sections - methods</topic><topic>Haptoglobin</topic><topic>Haptoglobins - analysis</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Intraoperative Care - methods</topic><topic>in vitro diagnostic</topic><topic>Malignancy</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Observational studies</topic><topic>Ovarian cancer</topic><topic>Ovarian Cysts - diagnosis</topic><topic>Ovarian Cysts - pathology</topic><topic>Ovarian Neoplasms - diagnosis</topic><topic>Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Ovarian Neoplasms - surgery</topic><topic>Point-of-Care Testing</topic><topic>point‐of‐care</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Proteomics - methods</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mahyuddin, AP</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kothandaraman, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salto‐Tellez, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pang, BNK</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, DGS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annalamai, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, JKY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, TYK</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biswas, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rice, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Razvi, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choolani, M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mahyuddin, AP</au><au>Liu, L</au><au>Zhao, C</au><au>Kothandaraman, N</au><au>Salto‐Tellez, M</au><au>Pang, BNK</au><au>Lim, DGS</au><au>Annalamai, L</au><au>Chan, JKY</au><au>Lim, TYK</au><au>Biswas, A</au><au>Rice, G</au><au>Razvi, K</au><au>Choolani, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Diagnostic accuracy of haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid as a potential point‐of‐care test for epithelial ovarian cancer: an observational study</atitle><jtitle>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</jtitle><addtitle>BJOG</addtitle><date>2018-03</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>125</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>421</spage><epage>431</epage><pages>421-431</pages><issn>1470-0328</issn><eissn>1471-0528</eissn><abstract>Objective
To investigate haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid (OCF) as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and develop an in vitro diagnostic point‐of‐care device test (IVDPCT) for use in the operating theatre.
Design
Retrospective and prospective cohort study.
Setting
South‐East Asia.
Population
Women with suspicious ovarian cysts.
Methods
Proteomic, immunohistochemical and ELISA methods measured haptoglobin in OCF to differentiate benign and EOCs. Diagnostic performance of haptoglobin was compared with CA125, risk malignancy indices (RMI) and frozen section. Blinded validation of the IVDPCT was performed.
Main outcome measures
Prediction of malignancy.
Results
Haptoglobin concentration measured by ELISA was 0.70 ± 0.09 mg/ml in patients with benign cysts (n = 87), 6.22 ± 0.53 mg/ml in early stage‐EOC (n = 17), and 6.57 ± 0.65 mg/ml in late stage‐EOC (n = 20). Haptoglobin in EOCs was significantly higher than in benign cysts (P < 0.0001). Haptoglobin using rapid colorimetric assay (RCA) on a training set had a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity 92.0%, comparable to ELISA and frozen sections. The haptoglobin AUROC curve was 0.999 (95% CI 0.997–1.000) compared with 0.895 (95% CI 0.814–0.977, P < 0.05) for CA125. Haptoglobin performed significantly better than all the RMIs (P < 0.01). Blinded validation studies showed a minor drop in average diagnostic performance (sensitivity 85.2% and specificity 90.5%) compared with the training set. However, when compared with frozen section, haptoglobin was no worse in diagnostic accuracy for malignancy.
Conclusion
Haptoglobin was identified as a biomarker for the detection of EOC with potential as a point‐of‐care diagnostic tool.
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Haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid: a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and point‐of‐care diagnostics.
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Haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid: a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer and point‐of‐care diagnostics.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>28755436</pmid><doi>10.1111/1471-0528.14835</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
subjects | Accuracy Adult Aged Asia, Southeastern Benign Biomarker Biomarkers Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis CA-125 Antigen - analysis Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - diagnosis Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - pathology Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - surgery Cohort Studies Colorimetry Cyst Fluid - diagnostic imaging Cysts Diagnosis, Differential Diagnostic tests Dimensional Measurement Accuracy Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay epithelial ovarian cancer Female frozen section Frozen Sections - methods Haptoglobin Haptoglobins - analysis Health risk assessment Humans Immunohistochemistry Intraoperative Care - methods in vitro diagnostic Malignancy Medical diagnosis Middle Aged Observational studies Ovarian cancer Ovarian Cysts - diagnosis Ovarian Cysts - pathology Ovarian Neoplasms - diagnosis Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology Ovarian Neoplasms - surgery Point-of-Care Testing point‐of‐care Population studies Proteomics - methods Sensitivity and Specificity |
title | Diagnostic accuracy of haptoglobin within ovarian cyst fluid as a potential point‐of‐care test for epithelial ovarian cancer: an observational study |
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