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Species identification of bloodstains by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: the effects of bloodstain age and the deposition environment
In this study, we investigated the potential of attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometrics for species identification of bloodstains similar to evidence obtained from real crime scenes. Two partial least squares-discriminant a...
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Published in: | International journal of legal medicine 2018-05, Vol.132 (3), p.667-674 |
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description | In this study, we investigated the potential of attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometrics for species identification of bloodstains similar to evidence obtained from real crime scenes. Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis classification models (a human-mammal-domestic fowl trilateral model and a species-specific model) were established. The models demonstrated complete separation among the three classes (human, mammal, and domestic fowl) and distinguished six species (human, rat, rabbit, dog, chicken, and duck). Validation was subsequently conducted to evaluate the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 100 and 94.2% accuracy; even human bloodstains placed in an outdoor environment for up to 107 days were successfully identified. Additionally, all bloodstains were positively identified as blood using the squared Euclidean cosine method by comparing the spectra with those of non-blood substances that had a similar appearance or easily produced false positives. These results demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be a powerful tool for species identification of bloodstains. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00414-017-1634-2 |
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Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis classification models (a human-mammal-domestic fowl trilateral model and a species-specific model) were established. The models demonstrated complete separation among the three classes (human, mammal, and domestic fowl) and distinguished six species (human, rat, rabbit, dog, chicken, and duck). Validation was subsequently conducted to evaluate the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 100 and 94.2% accuracy; even human bloodstains placed in an outdoor environment for up to 107 days were successfully identified. Additionally, all bloodstains were positively identified as blood using the squared Euclidean cosine method by comparing the spectra with those of non-blood substances that had a similar appearance or easily produced false positives. These results demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be a powerful tool for species identification of bloodstains.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-9827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1437-1596</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1634-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28821964</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Animals ; Blood ; Blood Stains ; Chemometrics ; Chickens ; Crime ; Discriminant Analysis ; Dogs ; Ducks ; Environment ; Forensic Medicine ; Fourier transforms ; Humans ; Infrared reflection ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Legal medicine ; Mammals ; Medical Law ; Medicine & Public Health ; Original Article ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spectrum analysis ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>International journal of legal medicine, 2018-05, Vol.132 (3), p.667-674</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017</rights><rights>International Journal of Legal Medicine is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-39834b2992a537665616b6fac447184a8abd7449994cab7d8d42cf7de77c4d853</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-39834b2992a537665616b6fac447184a8abd7449994cab7d8d42cf7de77c4d853</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2031244055/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2031244055?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,21376,21394,27924,27925,33611,33612,33769,33770,43733,43814,74221,74310</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28821964$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Hancheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yinming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Bing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Shuanliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhenyuan</creatorcontrib><title>Species identification of bloodstains by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: the effects of bloodstain age and the deposition environment</title><title>International journal of legal medicine</title><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><description>In this study, we investigated the potential of attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometrics for species identification of bloodstains similar to evidence obtained from real crime scenes. Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis classification models (a human-mammal-domestic fowl trilateral model and a species-specific model) were established. The models demonstrated complete separation among the three classes (human, mammal, and domestic fowl) and distinguished six species (human, rat, rabbit, dog, chicken, and duck). Validation was subsequently conducted to evaluate the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 100 and 94.2% accuracy; even human bloodstains placed in an outdoor environment for up to 107 days were successfully identified. Additionally, all bloodstains were positively identified as blood using the squared Euclidean cosine method by comparing the spectra with those of non-blood substances that had a similar appearance or easily produced false positives. These results demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be a powerful tool for species identification of bloodstains.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood Stains</subject><subject>Chemometrics</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Crime</subject><subject>Discriminant Analysis</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Ducks</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Forensic Medicine</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infrared reflection</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Least-Squares Analysis</subject><subject>Legal medicine</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Medical Law</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0937-9827</issn><issn>1437-1596</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>BGRYB</sourceid><sourceid>M0O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kV1LHDEUhkNRdLX9Ab0pAW96MzUfZ_LhnUj9AEHQ9TpkkoyN7CbTyayw0B_frKuWCl4lOXne9xzOi9BXSn5QQuRxIQQoNITKhgoODfuEZhR4fbVa7KAZ0fWuFZP76KCUR1JBIds9tM-UYlQLmKE_d0NwMRQcfUhT7KOzU8wJ5x53i5x9mWxMBXdrfDq_bc7nV7e4VMU05uLysD7B06-AQ9_XUvlfhO1DwDb5Z8KHIZf47BzSUxxzWtZ2n9FubxclfHk5D9H9-c_52WVzfXNxdXZ63Tgu2dRwrTh0TGtmWy6FaAUVneitA5BUgVW28xJAaw3OdtIrD8z10gcpHXjV8kP0fes7jPn3KpTJLGNxYbGwKeRVMVRzAlIyrip69A59zKsx1ekMI5wyANJuDOmWcnUPZQy9Gca4tOPaUGI20ZhtNKZu3GyiMaxqvr04r7pl8G-K1ywqwLZAqV_pIYz_Wn_s-hfDfJmH</recordid><startdate>20180501</startdate><enddate>20180501</enddate><creator>Lin, Hancheng</creator><creator>Zhang, Yinming</creator><creator>Wang, Qi</creator><creator>Li, Bing</creator><creator>Fan, Shuanliang</creator><creator>Wang, Zhenyuan</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AM</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BGRYB</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0O</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180501</creationdate><title>Species identification of bloodstains by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: the effects of bloodstain age and the deposition environment</title><author>Lin, Hancheng ; Zhang, Yinming ; Wang, Qi ; Li, Bing ; Fan, Shuanliang ; Wang, Zhenyuan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-39834b2992a537665616b6fac447184a8abd7449994cab7d8d42cf7de77c4d853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood Stains</topic><topic>Chemometrics</topic><topic>Chickens</topic><topic>Crime</topic><topic>Discriminant Analysis</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Ducks</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Forensic Medicine</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infrared reflection</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Least-Squares Analysis</topic><topic>Legal medicine</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Medical Law</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Principal Component Analysis</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Hancheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yinming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Bing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Shuanliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhenyuan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Criminology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of legal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Hancheng</au><au>Zhang, Yinming</au><au>Wang, Qi</au><au>Li, Bing</au><au>Fan, Shuanliang</au><au>Wang, Zhenyuan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Species identification of bloodstains by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: the effects of bloodstain age and the deposition environment</atitle><jtitle>International journal of legal medicine</jtitle><stitle>Int J Legal Med</stitle><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><date>2018-05-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>132</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>667</spage><epage>674</epage><pages>667-674</pages><issn>0937-9827</issn><eissn>1437-1596</eissn><abstract>In this study, we investigated the potential of attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometrics for species identification of bloodstains similar to evidence obtained from real crime scenes. Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis classification models (a human-mammal-domestic fowl trilateral model and a species-specific model) were established. The models demonstrated complete separation among the three classes (human, mammal, and domestic fowl) and distinguished six species (human, rat, rabbit, dog, chicken, and duck). Validation was subsequently conducted to evaluate the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 100 and 94.2% accuracy; even human bloodstains placed in an outdoor environment for up to 107 days were successfully identified. Additionally, all bloodstains were positively identified as blood using the squared Euclidean cosine method by comparing the spectra with those of non-blood substances that had a similar appearance or easily produced false positives. These results demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be a powerful tool for species identification of bloodstains.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>28821964</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00414-017-1634-2</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Blood Blood Stains Chemometrics Chickens Crime Discriminant Analysis Dogs Ducks Environment Forensic Medicine Fourier transforms Humans Infrared reflection Infrared spectroscopy Least-Squares Analysis Legal medicine Mammals Medical Law Medicine & Public Health Original Article Principal Component Analysis Rabbits Rats Species Specificity Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum analysis Time Factors |
title | Species identification of bloodstains by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: the effects of bloodstain age and the deposition environment |
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