Activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase in Argentinean children living at high altitude

• Published in: Redox report : communications in free radical research 2018-01, Vol.23 (1), p.35-40
• Main Authors: Hirschler, V., Martín, M., Oestreicher, K., Molinari, C., Tetzlaff, W., Botta, E., Boero, L., Brites, F., on Behalf of San Antonio de los Cobres Study Group
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Altitude; Apolipoprotein A-I - blood; Argentina - epidemiology; Argentina - ethnology; Aryldialkylphosphatase - blood; Aryldialkylphosphatase - genetics; Aryldialkylphosphatase - metabolism; atherosclerosis; Child; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HDL; High altitude; Humans; indigenous school children; Linear Models; Lipids - blood; Male; Pediatric Obesity - enzymology; Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology; Phenylacetates - metabolism; PON1; Risk Factors; Triglycerides - blood
• ISSN: 1351-0002; 1743-2928
• DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1370783

Background: Children living at high altitude in San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), Argentina, were shown to have lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than Buenos Aires (BA) children. HDL antioxidant capacity is mainly attributed to paraoxonase1 (PON1). Objective: To compare PON1 activity in indigenous SAC vs. BA children. Methods: A cross-sectional study compared 158 SAC vs. 97 BA children (6-16 years). Anthropometric data and lipoprotein profile were measured. PON1 was evaluated employing paraoxon (PON) and phenylacetate (ARE) activity. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower in SAC than in BA children (18.3 vs. 30.9%). Triglycerides (1.34 vs. 0.90 mmol/l), apo B (0.84 vs.0.72 g/l), apo A-I (1.33 vs. 1.27 g/l), and ARE activity (100 vs. 90 µmol/ml/min) were higher, while HDL-C (1.16 vs. 1.32 mmol/l) and PON activity (170 vs. 203 nmol/ml/min) were lower in SAC than in BA. Separate multiple linear regression analyses showed that SAC children had significantly higher triglyceride (Beta −0.38), apo B (Beta −0.34), and ARE (Beta −0.36) plus lower HDL-C (Beta 0.33) and PON (Beta 0.25) compared with BA; adjusted for age, gender, and BMI. Conclusion: SAC showed an unfavorable lipoprotein profile, lower PON and higher ARE activities compared with BA children, suggesting the presence of altered HDL metabolism and antioxidant capacity.