Working memory network alterations in high‐functioning adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder

• Published in: Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2018-02, Vol.72 (2), p.73-83
• Main Authors: Barendse, Evelien M., Schreuder, Lisanne J., Thoonen, Geert, Hendriks, Marc P. H., Kessels, Roy P. C., Backes, Walter H., Aldenkamp, Albert P., Jansen, Jacobus F. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescents; Asperger Syndrome - diagnostic imaging; Asperger Syndrome - physiopathology; Autism; autism spectrum disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder - diagnostic imaging; Autism Spectrum Disorder - physiopathology; Brain architecture; Brain mapping; Cerebral Cortex - diagnostic imaging; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology; Child; Developmental disabilities; Female; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Functional Neuroimaging - methods; higher functioning; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Nerve Net - diagnostic imaging; Nerve Net - physiopathology; network analysis; Neuroimaging; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Short term memory; Teenagers; working memory
• ISSN: 1323-1316; 1440-1819
• DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12602

Aim People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically have deficits in the working memory (WM) system. WM is found to be an essential chain in successfully navigating in the social world. We hypothesize that brain networks for WM have an altered network integrity in ASD compared to controls. Methods Thirteen adolescents (one female) with autistic disorder (n = 1), Asperger's disorder (n = 7), or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (n = 5), and 13 typically developing healthy control adolescents (one female) participated in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using an n‐back task and in resting state. Results The analysis of the behavioral data revealed deficits in WM performance in ASD, but only when tested to the limit. Adolescents with ASD showed lower binary global efficiency in the WM network than the healthy control group with n‐back and resting‐state data. This correlated with diagnostic scores for total problems, reciprocity, and language. Conclusion Adolescents with higher‐functioning autism have difficulty with the WM system, which is typically compensated. Functional MRI markers of brain network organization in ASD are related to characteristics of autism as represented in diagnostic scores. Therefore, functional MRI provides neuronal correlates for memory difficulties in adolescents with ASD.