Transducer of Regulated CREB-Binding Proteins (TORCs) Induce PGC-1α Transcription and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Muscle Cells

PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in several other aspects of energy metabolism. To identify upstream regulators of PGC-1α gene transcription, 10,000 human full-length cDNAs were screened...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2006-09, Vol.103 (39), p.14379-14384
Main Authors: Wu, Zhidan, Huang, Xueming, Feng, Yajun, Handschin, Christoph, Feng, Yan, Gullicksen, P. Scott, Bare, Olivia, Labow, Mark, Spiegelman, Bruce, Stevenson, Susan C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenoviruses
Biological Sciences
Cell respiration
Cells
Complementary DNA
Genes
HeLa cells
Messenger RNA
Muscle cells
Muscle fibers
Torcs
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Summary:PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in several other aspects of energy metabolism. To identify upstream regulators of PGC-1α gene transcription, 10,000 human full-length cDNAs were screened for induction of the PGC-1α promoter. A number of activators of PGC-1α transcription were found; the most potent activator was the transducer of regulated CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) binding protein (TORC) 1, a coactivator of CREB. The other two members of the TORC family, TORC2 and TORC3, also strongly activated PGC-1α transcription. TORCs dramatically induced PGC-1α gene transcription through CREB. Forced expression of TORCs in primary muscle cells induced the endogenous mRNA of PGC-1α and its downstream target genes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and TCA cycle. Importantly, these changes in gene expression resulted in increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity measured by cellular respiration and fatty acid oxidation. Finally, we demonstrated that the action of TORCs in promoting mitochondrial gene expression and function requires PGC-1α. Previous studies had indicated that TORCs function as a calcium- and cAMP-sensitive coincidence detector and mediate individual and synergistic effects of these two pathways. Our results, together with previous findings, strongly suggest that TORCs play a key role in linking these external signals to the transcriptional program of adaptive mitochondrial biogenesis by activating PGC-1α gene transcription.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606714103