Drug Addiction and the Memory Systems of the Brain

• Published in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008-10, Vol.1141 (1), p.1-21
• Main Authors: Robbins, T.W., Ersche, K.D., Everitt, B.J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: accumbens; amygdala; Animals; Basal Ganglia - drug effects; Basal Ganglia - physiology; Brain - drug effects; Brain - physiology; Cognition Disorders - chemically induced; Cognition Disorders - psychology; cortex; craving; Emotions - drug effects; habit; Hippocampus - drug effects; Hippocampus - physiology; Humans; memory; Memory - drug effects; Memory Disorders - chemically induced; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Neural Pathways - drug effects; Neural Pathways - physiology; nucleus; prefrontal; Prefrontal Cortex - drug effects; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; Rats; Reinforcement, Psychology; striatum; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology
• ISSN: 0077-8923; 1749-6632; 1930-6547
• DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.020

We review drug addiction from the perspective of the hypothesis that drugs of abuse interact with distinct brain memory systems. We focus on emotional and procedural forms of memory, encompassing Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, both for action–outcome and for stimulus–response associations. Neural structures encompassed by these systems include the amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum. Additional influences emanate from the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, which are implicated in the encoding and retrieval of drug‐related memories that lead to drug craving and drug use. Finally, we consider the ancillary point that chronic abuse of many drugs may impact directly on neural memory systems via neuroadaptive and neurotoxic effects that lead to cognitive impairments in which memory dysfunction is prominent.