Self-harm caused by an insect's innate immunity

It has been a long-held assumption that the innate immune system of insects causes self-harm when used to combat an immune insult. We show empirically that this assumption is correct. Invertebrate innate immunity relies heavily on effector systems which, on activation, produce cytotoxins that kill p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Biological sciences, 2006-10, Vol.273 (1600), p.2571-2574
Main Author: Sadd, B.M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autoreactivity
Cytotoxins
Hemocoel
Immunity, Innate
Infestation
Innate Immunity
Insect genetics
insect immunity
Insect vectors
Insults
Malpighian Tubules
Malpighian Tubules - metabolism
Melanins - metabolism
Melanization
Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism
Phenoloxidase
Tenebrio - immunology
Tenebrio molitor
Tissue grafting
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Summary:It has been a long-held assumption that the innate immune system of insects causes self-harm when used to combat an immune insult. We show empirically that this assumption is correct. Invertebrate innate immunity relies heavily on effector systems which, on activation, produce cytotoxins that kill pathogens. Reliance on these robust, fast-acting, generic killing mechanisms ensures a potent and rapid response to pathogen invasion, but has the potential disadvantage of causing self-damage. We show that the innate immune response against an immune insult produces measurable phenotypic and functional damage to self-tissue in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. This type of self-harm (autoreactivity) and the life-history implications that arise from it are important to understand evolutionary phenomena such as the dynamics between hosts and parasites as well as the nature of immune system costs.
ISSN:0962-8452
1471-2954
DOI:10.1098/rspb.2006.3574