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U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory
Using recently published baseline ammonia emissions data for U.S. broiler chicken housing, we present a method of estimating their contribution to an annual ammonia budget that is different from that used by USEPA. Emission rate increases in a linear relationship with flock age from near zero at the...
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Published in: | Atmospheric environment (1994) 2008-05, Vol.42 (14), p.3342-3350 |
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container_title | Atmospheric environment (1994) |
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creator | Gates, R.S. Casey, K.D. Wheeler, E.F. Xin, H. Pescatore, A.J. |
description | Using recently published baseline ammonia emissions data for U.S. broiler chicken housing, we present a method of estimating their contribution to an annual ammonia budget that is different from that used by USEPA. Emission rate increases in a linear relationship with flock age from near zero at the start of the flock to a maximum at the end of the flock, 28–65 days later. Market weight of chickens raised for meat varies from “broilers” weighing about 2
kg to “roasters” weighing about 3
kg. Multiple flocks of birds are grown in a single house annually, with variable downtime to prepare the house between flocks. The method takes into account weight and number of chickens marketed. Uncertainty in baseline emissions estimates is used so that inventory estimates are provided with error estimates. The method also incorporates the condition of litter that birds are raised upon and the varying market weight of birds grown. Using 2003 USDA data on broiler production numbers, broiler housing is estimated to contribute 8.8–11.7
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, in Kentucky and 240–324
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, nationally. Results suggest that a 10% uncertainty in annual emission rate is expected for the market weight categories of broilers, heavy broilers, and roasters. A 27–47% reduction in annual housing emission rate is predicted if new rather than built-up litter were used for every flock. The estimating method can be adapted to other meat bird building emissions and future ammonia emission strategies, with suitable insertion of an age-dependent emission factor or slope into a predictive model equation. The method can be readily applied and is an alternative to that used by USEPA. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.057 |
format | article |
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kg to “roasters” weighing about 3
kg. Multiple flocks of birds are grown in a single house annually, with variable downtime to prepare the house between flocks. The method takes into account weight and number of chickens marketed. Uncertainty in baseline emissions estimates is used so that inventory estimates are provided with error estimates. The method also incorporates the condition of litter that birds are raised upon and the varying market weight of birds grown. Using 2003 USDA data on broiler production numbers, broiler housing is estimated to contribute 8.8–11.7
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, in Kentucky and 240–324
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, nationally. Results suggest that a 10% uncertainty in annual emission rate is expected for the market weight categories of broilers, heavy broilers, and roasters. A 27–47% reduction in annual housing emission rate is predicted if new rather than built-up litter were used for every flock. The estimating method can be adapted to other meat bird building emissions and future ammonia emission strategies, with suitable insertion of an age-dependent emission factor or slope into a predictive model equation. The method can be readily applied and is an alternative to that used by USEPA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-2310</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.057</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Agricultural air quality ; Analysis methods ; Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Dispersed sources and other ; Environment ; Exact sciences and technology ; Pollution ; Pollution sources. Measurement results ; Poultry</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric environment (1994), 2008-05, Vol.42 (14), p.3342-3350</ispartof><rights>2007 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-25c9291c2c29bebbccd1d97d7ea99ef2f529d2f4a90ee26429ce34f0caad80a43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-25c9291c2c29bebbccd1d97d7ea99ef2f529d2f4a90ee26429ce34f0caad80a43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20427196$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gates, R.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey, K.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wheeler, E.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xin, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pescatore, A.J.</creatorcontrib><title>U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory</title><title>Atmospheric environment (1994)</title><description>Using recently published baseline ammonia emissions data for U.S. broiler chicken housing, we present a method of estimating their contribution to an annual ammonia budget that is different from that used by USEPA. Emission rate increases in a linear relationship with flock age from near zero at the start of the flock to a maximum at the end of the flock, 28–65 days later. Market weight of chickens raised for meat varies from “broilers” weighing about 2
kg to “roasters” weighing about 3
kg. Multiple flocks of birds are grown in a single house annually, with variable downtime to prepare the house between flocks. The method takes into account weight and number of chickens marketed. Uncertainty in baseline emissions estimates is used so that inventory estimates are provided with error estimates. The method also incorporates the condition of litter that birds are raised upon and the varying market weight of birds grown. Using 2003 USDA data on broiler production numbers, broiler housing is estimated to contribute 8.8–11.7
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, in Kentucky and 240–324
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, nationally. Results suggest that a 10% uncertainty in annual emission rate is expected for the market weight categories of broilers, heavy broilers, and roasters. A 27–47% reduction in annual housing emission rate is predicted if new rather than built-up litter were used for every flock. The estimating method can be adapted to other meat bird building emissions and future ammonia emission strategies, with suitable insertion of an age-dependent emission factor or slope into a predictive model equation. The method can be readily applied and is an alternative to that used by USEPA.</description><subject>Agricultural air quality</subject><subject>Analysis methods</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Dispersed sources and other</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution sources. Measurement results</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><issn>1352-2310</issn><issn>1873-2844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1OwzAQhC0EEqXwCigXuCWs7SSub6CKP6kSB-jZcpwNuErsYqeV-va4auHKafcwszP7EXJNoaBA67tVocfBR3TbggGIAuoCKnFCJnQmeM5mZXmadl6xnHEK5-QixhUAcCHFhMCyeC-yJnjbY8i-_CZa95npYfDO6gwHG6P1LmbWbdGNPuwuyVmn-4hXxzkly6fHj_lLvnh7fp0_LHLDBR9zVhnJJDXMMNlg0xjT0laKVqCWEjvWVUy2rCu1BERWl0wa5GUHRut2BrrkU3J7uLsO_nuDcVSpi8G-1w5TS0VlKWrBRBLWB6EJPsaAnVoHO-iwUxTUHpBaqV9Aag9IQa0SoGS8OSboaHTfBe2MjX9uBiUTVNZJd3_QYXp3azGoaCw6g60NaEbVevtf1A_eW4Aq</recordid><startdate>200805</startdate><enddate>200805</enddate><creator>Gates, R.S.</creator><creator>Casey, K.D.</creator><creator>Wheeler, E.F.</creator><creator>Xin, H.</creator><creator>Pescatore, A.J.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>KL.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200805</creationdate><title>U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory</title><author>Gates, R.S. ; Casey, K.D. ; Wheeler, E.F. ; Xin, H. ; Pescatore, A.J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-25c9291c2c29bebbccd1d97d7ea99ef2f529d2f4a90ee26429ce34f0caad80a43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Agricultural air quality</topic><topic>Analysis methods</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Dispersed sources and other</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution sources. Measurement results</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gates, R.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey, K.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wheeler, E.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xin, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pescatore, A.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gates, R.S.</au><au>Casey, K.D.</au><au>Wheeler, E.F.</au><au>Xin, H.</au><au>Pescatore, A.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle><date>2008-05</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>3342</spage><epage>3350</epage><pages>3342-3350</pages><issn>1352-2310</issn><eissn>1873-2844</eissn><abstract>Using recently published baseline ammonia emissions data for U.S. broiler chicken housing, we present a method of estimating their contribution to an annual ammonia budget that is different from that used by USEPA. Emission rate increases in a linear relationship with flock age from near zero at the start of the flock to a maximum at the end of the flock, 28–65 days later. Market weight of chickens raised for meat varies from “broilers” weighing about 2
kg to “roasters” weighing about 3
kg. Multiple flocks of birds are grown in a single house annually, with variable downtime to prepare the house between flocks. The method takes into account weight and number of chickens marketed. Uncertainty in baseline emissions estimates is used so that inventory estimates are provided with error estimates. The method also incorporates the condition of litter that birds are raised upon and the varying market weight of birds grown. Using 2003 USDA data on broiler production numbers, broiler housing is estimated to contribute 8.8–11.7
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, in Kentucky and 240–324
kT ammonia for new and built-up litter, respectively, nationally. Results suggest that a 10% uncertainty in annual emission rate is expected for the market weight categories of broilers, heavy broilers, and roasters. A 27–47% reduction in annual housing emission rate is predicted if new rather than built-up litter were used for every flock. The estimating method can be adapted to other meat bird building emissions and future ammonia emission strategies, with suitable insertion of an age-dependent emission factor or slope into a predictive model equation. The method can be readily applied and is an alternative to that used by USEPA.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.057</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural air quality Analysis methods Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Dispersed sources and other Environment Exact sciences and technology Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Poultry |
title | U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory |
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