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Consequences of inbreeding and reduced genetic variation on tolerance to cadmium stress in the midge Chironomus riparius

Inbreeding and loss of genetic variation are considered to be major threats to small and endangered populations. The reduction of fitness due to inbreeding is believed to be more severe under stressful environmental conditions. We generated nine strains of the ecotoxicological model organism Chirono...

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Published in:Aquatic toxicology 2007-12, Vol.85 (4), p.278-284
Main Authors: Nowak, Carsten, Jost, Daniel, Vogt, Christian, Oetken, Matthias, Schwenk, Klaus, Oehlmann, Jörg
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description Inbreeding and loss of genetic variation are considered to be major threats to small and endangered populations. The reduction of fitness due to inbreeding is believed to be more severe under stressful environmental conditions. We generated nine strains of the ecotoxicological model organism Chironomus riparius of different inbreeding levels in order to test the hypothesis that the inbreeding level and thus the degree of genome-wide homozygosity influences the life-history under cadmium exposure. Therefore, midge populations were exposed to a gradient of sediment-bound cadmium. The level of genetic variation in the used strains was assessed using microsatellite markers. In the life-cycle tests, inbreeding reduced fitness within C. riparius populations both under control and stressed conditions. However, differences between genetically diverse and impoverished strains were greatest at high cadmium exposure. Overall, inbreeding effects were not only dependent on cadmium concentrations in the sediment, but also on the life-history trait investigated. While some parameters where only affected by inbreeding, others were altered by both, inbreeding and cadmium. For the larval developmental time, a significant interaction was found between inbreeding and cadmium stress. While all strains showed a similar developmental time under control conditions, high rates of inbreeding led to a significantly delayed emergence time under high cadmium concentrations, resulting in longer generation periods and reduced population growth rates as population-relevant effects. The results show, that bioassays with C. riparius are affected by the level of inbreeding within Chironomus test strains. Pollution stress is therefore likely to affect the survival of rare and endangered populations more severe than that of large and genetically diverse ones.
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subjects Alleles
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
bioassays
Biological and medical sciences
cadmium
Cadmium - toxicity
Chironomidae
Chironomidae - drug effects
Chironomidae - genetics
Chironomidae - metabolism
Chironomus
Chironomus riparius
Conservation of Natural Resources
DNA - chemistry
DNA - genetics
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Female
Freshwater
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
Geologic Sediments
Heavy metal stress
heavy metals
Inbreeding
Inbreeding depression
life cycle (organisms)
Life Cycle Stages - drug effects
Life Cycle Stages - physiology
Male
metal tolerance
Microsatellite Repeats - genetics
Microsatellites
midges
population genetics
Statistics, Nonparametric
toxicity testing
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
title Consequences of inbreeding and reduced genetic variation on tolerance to cadmium stress in the midge Chironomus riparius
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