Comparative analysis of leaf angle and sclerophylly of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco on a water deficit gradient

• Published in: Austral ecology 2006-11, Vol.31 (7), p.882-891
• Main Authors: BARCHUK, ALICIA H, VALIENTE-BANUET, ALFONSO
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Chaco; Comparative analysis; evergreen tree; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; geographical scale; leaf angle; leaf mass per area; Leaves; Plant ecology; sclerophyllous; Trees
• ISSN: 1442-9985; 1442-9993
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01651.x

Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco is found throughout the Chaco (17°-33°S) in Argentina, and it is the dominant tree species in the arid Chaco. Under the hypothesis that morpho-physiological features of A. quebracho-blanco change as a function of its geographical position on a water deficit gradient, it was predicted that with increasing water stress, leaf angles (specifically horizontal) would be greater and mean values of the leaf mass per area would increase. These leaf characteristics were compared at three points on a water deficit gradient extending from the humid Chaco through semi-arid Chaco to the arid Chaco of Argentina (south-west to north-east rainfall gradient, from 350 to 1200 mm annual mean precipitation). Twig and leaf positions were modified and water potentials were measured at the highest heating hour of the day at a site of the arid Chaco. Daily and seasonal water potential variations of untreated twigs were also observed. Leaf angle modification towards horizontal produced more negative twig water potentials with respect to those of leaves in non-horizontal positions. The comparison of the three sites along the gradient showed contrasting patterns of leaf-angle frequency distribution of adults. In Chancaní (mean annual temperature: 18-24°C, mean annual precipitation: 450 mm, arid) there was a higher frequency of angles near 90° for non-pendulous and about 270° for pendulous trees. Leaf angles in Copo (semi-arid) and Chaco National Park (mean annual temperature: 20-23°C, mean annual precipitation: 1300 mm humid) were widely distributed with higher frequency towards the angles near 0° and 180°. This sclerophyllous tree species showed plasticity in its leaf traits along the precipitation gradient. Plasticity in leaf mass per area and leaf position enables plants to develop efficiently in contrasting environmental conditions of humidity and aridity.