Chronic periodontitis, inflammatory cytokines, and interrelationship with other chronic diseases

Periodontal diseases, such as chronic periodontitis, share common inflammatory risk factors with other systemic and chronic inflammatory disorders. Mucosal tissues, such as oral epithelia, are exposed to environmental stressors, such as tobacco and oral bacteria, that might be involved in promoting...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Postgraduate medicine 2018-01, Vol.130 (1), p.98-104
Main Authors: Cardoso, Elsa Maria, Reis, Cátia, Manzanares-Céspedes, Maria Cristina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
chronic noncommunicable diseases
immune system
Inflammation
periodontal diseases
periodontium
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Summary:Periodontal diseases, such as chronic periodontitis, share common inflammatory risk factors with other systemic and chronic inflammatory disorders. Mucosal tissues, such as oral epithelia, are exposed to environmental stressors, such as tobacco and oral bacteria, that might be involved in promoting a systemic inflammatory state. Conversely, chronic disorders can also affect oral health. This review will summarize recent evidence for the interrelationship between chronic periodontitis and other prevalent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. The association with pregnancy is also included due to possible obstetric complications. We will focus on inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, because they have been shown to be increased in patients with chronic periodontitis, in patients with chronic systemic diseases, and in patients with both chronic periodontitis and other chronic diseases. Therefore, an imbalance towards a proinflammatory immune response could underline a bidirectional link between chronic periodontitis and other chronic diseases. Finally, we highlight that a close coordination between dental and other health professionals could promote oral health and prevent or ameliorate other chronic diseases.
ISSN:0032-5481
1941-9260
DOI:10.1080/00325481.2018.1396876