Increased cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript cord blood levels in the newborns exposed to crack cocaine in utero

Background Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an endogenous antioxidant present since the embryonic period. CART is activated by high levels of dopamine and might be of interested in understanding the changes in the REDOX system associated with crack/cocaine intake. The goal of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychopharmacology 2018, Vol.235 (1), p.215-222
Main Authors: Parcianello, Rodrigo Ritter, Mardini, Victor, Ceresér, Keila Maria Mendes, Langleben, Daniel D., Xavier, Fernando, Zavaschi, Maria Lucrécia Scherer, Rhode, Luis Augusto Paim, Pechansky, Flávio, Gubert, Carolina, Szobot, Claudia Maciel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Amphetamines
Antioxidants
Antioxidants (Nutrients)
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Blood levels
Cocaine
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein
Cord blood
Crack (Drug)
Crack Cocaine - pharmacology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dopamine
Drug abuse
Drug addiction
Embryos
Exposure
Female
Fetal blood
Fetal Blood - metabolism
Health aspects
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Intrauterine exposure
Male
Neonates
Nerve Tissue Proteins - blood
Neuroprotection
Neurosciences
Newborn babies
Original Investigation
Oxidative stress
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Physiological aspects
Postpartum
Postpartum Period
Pregnancy
Prenatal drug exposure
Psychiatry
Psychopathology
Psychopharmacology
Puerperium
Transcription
Umbilical cord
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Summary:Background Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an endogenous antioxidant present since the embryonic period. CART is activated by high levels of dopamine and might be of interested in understanding the changes in the REDOX system associated with crack/cocaine intake. The goal of this study was to determine whether exposure to crack in utero is associated with increased CART levels. Methods In this cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling, we compared the umbilical cord blood (UCB) CART levels (μg/mL) of newborns exposed to crack/cocaine in utero (EN, n  = 57) to levels in non-exposed newborns (NEN, n  = 99). In addition, we compared serum CART levels between EN and NEN mothers, in the immediate postpartum period. Potential confounders, such as perinatal data (e.g., weight, Apgar, etc.), psychopathology (DSM-IV), and use of drugs other than crack (ASSIST) were assessed. Results According to general linear model analysis, the adjusted mean CART was significantly higher in EN (0.180, 95% CI 0.088–0.272) than in NEN (0.048, 95% CI 0.020–0.076; p  
ISSN:0033-3158
1432-2072
DOI:10.1007/s00213-017-4759-6