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Glutathione reductase mediates drug resistance in glioblastoma cells by regulating redox homeostasis

Glutathione (GSH) and GSH‐related enzymes constitute the most important defense system that protects cells from free radical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy attacks. In this study, we aim to explore the potential role and regulatory mechanism of the GSH redox cycle in drug resistance in glioblastoma...

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Published in:Journal of neurochemistry 2018-01, Vol.144 (1), p.93-104
Main Authors: Zhu, Zhongling, Du, Shuangshuang, Du, Yibo, Ren, Jing, Ying, Guoguang, Yan, Zhao
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description Glutathione (GSH) and GSH‐related enzymes constitute the most important defense system that protects cells from free radical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy attacks. In this study, we aim to explore the potential role and regulatory mechanism of the GSH redox cycle in drug resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. We found that temozolomide (TMZ)‐resistant glioma cells displayed lower levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species and higher levels of total antioxidant capacity and GSH than sensitive cells. Moreover, the expression of glutathione reductase (GSR), the key enzyme of the GSH redox cycle, was higher in TMZ‐resistant cells than in sensitive cells. Furthermore, silencing GSR in drug‐resistant cells improved the sensitivity of cells to TMZ or cisplatin. Conversely, the over‐expression of GSR in sensitive cells resulted in resistance to chemotherapy. In addition, the GSR enzyme partially prevented the oxidative stress caused by pro‐oxidant L‐buthionine ‐sulfoximine. The modulation of redox state by GSH or L‐buthionine –sulfoximine regulated GSR‐mediated drug resistance, suggesting that the action of GSR in drug resistance is associated with the modulation of redox homeostasis. Intriguingly, a trend toward shorter progress‐free survival was observed among GBM patients with high GSR expression. These results indicated that GSR is involved in mediating drug resistance and is a potential target for improving GBM treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of brain tumor. We show that glutathione reductase (GSR), the key enzyme of the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle, mediates drug resistance by regulating redox homeostasis and is a potential target for improving GBM treatment. These findings provide new ideas and strategies for reversing drug resistance.
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In this study, we aim to explore the potential role and regulatory mechanism of the GSH redox cycle in drug resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. We found that temozolomide (TMZ)‐resistant glioma cells displayed lower levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species and higher levels of total antioxidant capacity and GSH than sensitive cells. Moreover, the expression of glutathione reductase (GSR), the key enzyme of the GSH redox cycle, was higher in TMZ‐resistant cells than in sensitive cells. Furthermore, silencing GSR in drug‐resistant cells improved the sensitivity of cells to TMZ or cisplatin. Conversely, the over‐expression of GSR in sensitive cells resulted in resistance to chemotherapy. In addition, the GSR enzyme partially prevented the oxidative stress caused by pro‐oxidant L‐buthionine ‐sulfoximine. The modulation of redox state by GSH or L‐buthionine –sulfoximine regulated GSR‐mediated drug resistance, suggesting that the action of GSR in drug resistance is associated with the modulation of redox homeostasis. Intriguingly, a trend toward shorter progress‐free survival was observed among GBM patients with high GSR expression. These results indicated that GSR is involved in mediating drug resistance and is a potential target for improving GBM treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of brain tumor. We show that glutathione reductase (GSR), the key enzyme of the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle, mediates drug resistance by regulating redox homeostasis and is a potential target for improving GBM treatment. 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The modulation of redox state by GSH or L‐buthionine –sulfoximine regulated GSR‐mediated drug resistance, suggesting that the action of GSR in drug resistance is associated with the modulation of redox homeostasis. Intriguingly, a trend toward shorter progress‐free survival was observed among GBM patients with high GSR expression. These results indicated that GSR is involved in mediating drug resistance and is a potential target for improving GBM treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of brain tumor. We show that glutathione reductase (GSR), the key enzyme of the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle, mediates drug resistance by regulating redox homeostasis and is a potential target for improving GBM treatment. 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source Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Antioxidants
Brain cancer
Brain Neoplasms - drug therapy
Brain Neoplasms - enzymology
Brain Neoplasms - mortality
Brain Neoplasms - pathology
Brain tumors
Buthionine Sulfoximine - pharmacology
Cell Line, Tumor
Chemotherapy
Cisplatin
Cisplatin - pharmacology
Cisplatin - therapeutic use
Dacarbazine - analogs & derivatives
Dacarbazine - pharmacology
Dacarbazine - therapeutic use
Disease-Free Survival
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Enzymes
Female
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma - drug therapy
Glioblastoma - enzymology
Glioblastoma - mortality
Glioblastoma - pathology
Glioblastoma cells
Glioma cells
Glutathione
Glutathione - metabolism
Glutathione reductase
Glutathione Reductase - antagonists & inhibitors
Glutathione Reductase - biosynthesis
Glutathione Reductase - genetics
Glutathione Reductase - physiology
Homeostasis
Humans
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Modulation
Neoplasm Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
Neoplasm Proteins - biosynthesis
Neoplasm Proteins - genetics
Neoplasm Proteins - physiology
Overexpression
Oxidants - pharmacology
Oxidation resistance
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative Stress
Radiation therapy
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
redox homeostasis
Redox properties
Regulatory mechanisms (biology)
resistance
RNA, Small Interfering - pharmacology
Temozolomide
Tumor Stem Cell Assay
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
title Glutathione reductase mediates drug resistance in glioblastoma cells by regulating redox homeostasis
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