From oral facial dysfunction to dysmorphism and the onset of pediatric OSA

The upper airway is a collapsible tube, and its collapsibility increases during sleep. Extrinsic factors such as atypical craniofacial features may increase the risks of airway collapse. We review early development of oral-facial structures and the anatomical variants that may be present at birth an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sleep medicine reviews 2018-08, Vol.40, p.203-214
Main Authors: Guilleminault, Christian, Huang, Yu-Shu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Child
Craniofacial Abnormalities - complications
Humans
Nose
Obstructive sleep apnea
Orofacial structures
Oronasal functions
Pediatrics
Pharynx - physiopathology
Risk Factors
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - physiopathology
Sleep-disordered breathing
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Summary:The upper airway is a collapsible tube, and its collapsibility increases during sleep. Extrinsic factors such as atypical craniofacial features may increase the risks of airway collapse. We review early development of oral-facial structures and the anatomical variants that may be present at birth and can impact nasal breathing. After birth, there is a continuous interaction between orofacial functions and growth of anatomic features. We review the dysfunctions identified to date that may impact orofacial development leading to sleep-disordered-breathing through changes in the orofacial growth. The identification of risk-factors, ultimately leading to full-blown obstructive sleep apnea, may allow early recognition of these factors and the development of treatments to eliminate early problems or at least decrease their impact.
ISSN:1087-0792
1532-2955
DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.008