Aerobic Oxidations of Light Alkanes over Solid Metal Oxide Catalysts

Heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts are widely studied for the aerobic oxidations of C1–C4 alkanes to form olefins and oxygenates. In this review, we outline the properties of supported metal oxides, mixed-metal oxides, and zeolites and detail their most common applications as catalysts for partial...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical reviews 2018-03, Vol.118 (5), p.2769-2815
Main Authors: Grant, Joseph T, Venegas, Juan M, McDermott, William P, Hermans, Ive
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylic acid
Alkanes
Alkenes
Catalysis
Catalysts
Kinetics
Lattice vacancies
Metal oxides
Metals
Oxidation
Oxides
Oxygen atoms
Polyolefins
Propane
Reaction kinetics
Reaction mechanisms
Zeolites
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Summary:Heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts are widely studied for the aerobic oxidations of C1–C4 alkanes to form olefins and oxygenates. In this review, we outline the properties of supported metal oxides, mixed-metal oxides, and zeolites and detail their most common applications as catalysts for partial oxidations of light alkanes. By doing this we establish similarities between different classes of metal oxides and identify common themes in reaction mechanisms and research strategies for catalyst improvement. For example, almost all partial alkane oxidations, regardless of the metal oxide, follow Mars–van Krevelen reaction kinetics, which utilize lattice oxygen atoms to reoxidize the reduced metal centers while the gaseous O2 reactant replenishes these lattice oxygen vacancies. Many of the most-promising metal oxide catalysts include V5+ surface species as a necessary constituent to convert the alkane. Transformations involving sequential oxidation steps (i.e., propane to acrylic acid) require specific reaction sites for each oxidation step and benefit from site isolation provided by spectator species. These themes, and others, are discussed in the text.
ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00236