Primary and Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced-stage metastatic melanoma, as well as patients with many other solid cancers, yielding long-lasting responses and improved survival. However, a subset of patients who initially respond to immunotherapy, later re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical cancer research 2018-03, Vol.24 (6), p.1260-1270
Main Authors: Gide, Tuba N, Wilmott, James S, Scolyer, Richard A, Long, Georgina V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immunotherapy
Inhibitors
Melanoma
Metastases
Metastasis
Patients
Signaling
Therapy
Tumors
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Summary:Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced-stage metastatic melanoma, as well as patients with many other solid cancers, yielding long-lasting responses and improved survival. However, a subset of patients who initially respond to immunotherapy, later relapse and develop therapy resistance (termed "acquired resistance"), whereas others do not respond at all (termed "primary resistance"). Primary and acquired resistance are key clinical barriers to further improving outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma, and the known mechanisms underlying each involves various components of the cancer immune cycle, and interactions between multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Due to this complexity, current knowledge on resistance mechanisms is still incomplete. Overcoming therapy resistance requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune evasion by tumors. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma and detail potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and overcome them. .
ISSN:1078-0432
1557-3265
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2267