Metaboreflex-mediated hemodynamic abnormalities in individuals with coronary artery disease without overt signs or symptoms of heart failure

• Published in: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2018-03, Vol.314 (3), p.H452-H463
• Main Authors: Magnani, Sara, Roberto, Silvana, Sainas, Gianmarco, Milia, Raffaele, Palazzolo, Girolamo, Cugusi, Lucia, Pinna, Virginia, Doneddu, Azzurra, Kakhak, Seyed Alireza Hosseini, Tocco, Filippo, Mercuro, Giuseppe, Crisafulli, Antonio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Adaptation, Physiological; Aged; Arterial Pressure; Blood pressure; CAD; Cardiac Output; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular system; Case-Control Studies; Chemoreceptor Cells - metabolism; Computer aided design; Coronary artery; Coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - complications; Coronary Artery Disease - diagnosis; Coronary Artery Disease - metabolism; Coronary Artery Disease - physiopathology; Cytotoxicity; Data recovery; Disease Progression; Energy Metabolism; Heart; Heart - innervation; Heart diseases; Heart failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Ischemia; Lymphocytes T; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal - innervation; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Muscles; Reflex; Stroke; Stroke volume; Studies; Vascular Resistance; Vasoconstriction; Ventricle; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - etiology; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology; Ventricular Function, Left
• ISSN: 0363-6135; 1522-1539
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00436.2017

This study was devised to investigate the effect of coronary artery disease (CAD) without overt signs of heart failure on the cardiovascular responses to muscle metaboreflex activation. We hypothesized that any CAD-induced preclinical systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction could impair hemodynamic response to the metaboreflex test. Twelve men diagnosed with CAD without any sign or symptoms of heart failure and 11 age-matched healthy control (CTL) subjects participated in the study. Subjects performed a postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) test to activate the metaboreflex. They also performed a control exercise recovery test to compare data from the PEMI test. The main results were that the CAD group reached a similar mean arterial blood pressure response as the CTL group during PEMI. However, the mechanism by which this response was achieved was different between groups. In particular, CAD achieved the target mean arterial blood pressure by increasing systemic vascular resistance (+383.8 ± 256.6 vs. +91.2 ± 293.5 dyn·s ·cm for the CAD and CTL groups, respectively), the CTL group by increasing cardiac preload (-0.92 ± 8.53 vs. 5.34 ± 4.29 ml in end-diastolic volume for the CAD and CTL groups, respectively), which led to an enhanced stroke volume and cardiac output. Furthermore, the ventricular filling rate response was higher in the CTL group than in the CAD group during PEMI ( P < 0.05 for all comparisons). This study confirms that diastolic function is pivotal for normal hemodynamics during the metaboreflex. Moreover, it provides evidence that early signs of diastolic impairment attributable to CAD can be detected by the metaboreflex test. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Individuals suffering from coronary artery disease without overt signs of heart failure may show early signs of diastolic dysfunction, which can be detected by the metaboreflex test. During the metaboreflex, these subjects show impaired preload and stroke volume responses and exaggerated vasoconstriction compared with controls.