Effects of Selected Herbicides on the Efficacy of Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus to Control Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum Viarum)

Experiments were initiated to determine if the tropical soda apple (TSA) biological control agent, Tobacco mild green mosaic tobamo virus (TMGMV), could be mixed with synthetic herbicides to provide effective broad-spectrum weed control. When TMGMV was mixed with 2,4-D ester or amine, metsulfuron, o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Weed science 2008-01, Vol.56 (1), p.128-132
Main Authors: Ferrell, Jason, Charudattan, Raghavan, Elliott, Mark, Hiebert, Ernest
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4-D
Amines
application methods
Biocontrol
Biological and medical sciences
biological control
biological control agents
broadleaf weeds
Chemical control
Esters
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
herbicide-virus interaction
Herbicides
hexazinone
horticultural oils
Infections
Leaves
Malus
metsulfuron
microbial pesticides
Mosaic viruses
Parasitic plants. Weeds
pasture
Pastures
pesticide adjuvants
pesticide formulations
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
plant viruses
Plants
Solanum
Solanum viarum
TMGMV
Tobacco mild green mosaic virus
Viruses
weed control
WEED MANAGEMENT
Weed science
Weeds
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Summary:Experiments were initiated to determine if the tropical soda apple (TSA) biological control agent, Tobacco mild green mosaic tobamo virus (TMGMV), could be mixed with synthetic herbicides to provide effective broad-spectrum weed control. When TMGMV was mixed with 2,4-D ester or amine, metsulfuron, or hexazinone, TSA control ranged between 80 and 100%. On average, TMGMV increased TSA control by 81% as compared to these herbicides applied alone. Treatment applications were made by rubbing only three leaves, not as a broadcast application. Although this is not the optimum method for herbicide application, it does indicate the level of control the herbicide alone potentially provided relative to the herbicide/TMGMV mixture. Results indicate that the majority of TSA control was due to virus and that the herbicides mixed with TMCMV did not interfere with the virus's ability to infect TSA. Additions of organosilicone adjuvants or low rates of crop oil or nonionic adjuvants to TMGMV solutions resulted in greater infection of TSA. The finding that TMGMV remains infective when mixed with herbicides will allow greater flexibility for landowners attempting to control TSA and other troublesome weeds.
ISSN:0043-1745
1550-2759
DOI:10.1614/WS-07-083.1