Association of nutrition and immune-endocrine dysfunction with muscle mass and performance in cognitively impaired older adults

•Muscle quality beyond muscle mass impacts on functional performance in cognitively impaired older adults.•Malnutrition is associated with both pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia.•A pro-inflammatory and endocrine deficient state aggravates decline in muscle quality with consequent frank sarcopenia. With...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2018-03, Vol.75, p.20-27
Main Authors: Tay, L., Leung, B.P., Wee, S., Tay, K.S., Ali, N., Chan, M., Lim, W.S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology
Cognitive impairment
Cross-Sectional Studies
Endocrine
Exercise - physiology
Female
Hand Strength - physiology
Humans
Independent Living
Inflammation
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
Nutritional Status
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia - immunology
Sarcopenia - physiopathology
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:•Muscle quality beyond muscle mass impacts on functional performance in cognitively impaired older adults.•Malnutrition is associated with both pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia.•A pro-inflammatory and endocrine deficient state aggravates decline in muscle quality with consequent frank sarcopenia. With lean mass declining early in Alzheimer’s disease, muscle quality beyond quantity is relevant to physical performance. We sought to identify potentially modifiable factors for the differential loss of muscle mass (pre-sarcopenia) and its performance (sarcopenia) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is a cross-sectional study of 108 community-dwelling older adults with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD. Participants were categorized as: (i) No sarcopenia (normal muscle mass), (ii) Pre-sarcopenia (low muscle mass without weakness or slowness), (iii) Sarcopenia (low muscle mass AND weak grip strength and/or slow gait speed) using Asian cut-offs. Muscle quality was defined as the ratio of grip and knee extension strength to average arm and leg lean mass respectively. We measured cognitive, functional and physical (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) performance; physical activity level; nutritional status; and blood biomarkers of inflammation and endocrine dysfunction. SPPB (p=0.033) and activity level (p=0.010) were highest in the pre-sarcopenic group. Pre-sarcopenic group had highest arm muscle quality [10.6 (7.7–12.2) vs 13.9 (12.6–15.7) vs 11.3 (9.7–12.8), p
ISSN:0167-4943
1872-6976
DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2017.11.008