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Influence of nutrient management strategies on variability of soil fertility, crop yields and nutrient balances on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe
An improved understanding of soil fertility variability and farmers’ resource use strategies is required for targeting soil fertility improving technologies to different niches within farms. We measured the variability of soil fertility with distance from homesteads on smallholder farms of different...
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| Published in: | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2007-02, Vol.119 (1), p.112-126 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-db7190aafba98bee29c73681fef04bdd5054a44f813ecbab52154e7f9cdb58b53 |
| container_end_page | 126 |
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| container_start_page | 112 |
| container_title | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment |
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| creator | Zingore, S. Murwira, H.K. Delve, R.J. Giller, K.E. |
| description | An improved understanding of soil fertility variability and farmers’ resource use strategies is required for targeting soil fertility improving technologies to different niches within farms. We measured the variability of soil fertility with distance from homesteads on smallholder farms of different socio-economic groups on two soil types, a granite sand and a red clay, in Murewa, northeast Zimbabwe. Soil organic matter, available P and CEC decreased with distance from homestead on most farms. Soil available P was particularly responsive to management, irrespective of soil type, as it was more concentrated on the plots closest to homesteads on wealthy farms (8–13
mg
kg
−1), compared with plots further from homesteads and all plots on poor farms (2–6
mg
kg
−1). There was a large gap in amounts of mineral fertilizers used by the wealthiest farmers (>100
kg N and >15
kg P per farm; 39
kg
N
ha
−1 and 7
kg
P
ha
−1) and the poorest farmers ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.019 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_19702222</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0167880906002696</els_id><sourcerecordid>19702222</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-db7190aafba98bee29c73681fef04bdd5054a44f813ecbab52154e7f9cdb58b53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc9u1DAQxi1EJZbCC3DBFziRxX-STSxxQVWhlSpxaHvhYo2dcfHKiRfbW7Rv0UfG6VbqraORbFm_-WbmMyEfOFtzxjdft2u4Q1wLxjbrJbl6RVZ86GUjJOtek1WF-mYYmHpD3ua8ZTWEHFbk4XJ2YY-zRRodnfcleZwLnWCugtNyzSVBwTuPmcaZ3kPyYHzw5bAU5OgDdZjK48sXalPc0YPHMGYK8_gsaCBAbfKokScI4U8MIybqIE2Z-pn-9pMB8w_fkRMHIeP7p_OU3P44vzm7aK5-_bw8-37V2LbjpRlNzxUDcAbUYBCFsr3cDNyhY60Zx451LbStG7hEW4U7wbsWe6fsaLrBdPKUfD7q7lL8u8dc9OSzxVDHxLjPmqueiRoVFEew7pZzQqd3yU-QDpozvZivt3oxXy_m6yW5qkWfntQhWwgu1eV9fq4cWiFF21fu45FzEKtKqszttWBcMtbLbqPaSnw7EljNuPeYdLZ--a_RJ7RFj9G_NMh_oKKoCA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19702222</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Influence of nutrient management strategies on variability of soil fertility, crop yields and nutrient balances on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe</title><source>Elsevier:Jisc Collections:Elsevier Read and Publish Agreement 2022-2024:Freedom Collection (Reading list)</source><creator>Zingore, S. ; Murwira, H.K. ; Delve, R.J. ; Giller, K.E.</creator><creatorcontrib>Zingore, S. ; Murwira, H.K. ; Delve, R.J. ; Giller, K.E.</creatorcontrib><description>An improved understanding of soil fertility variability and farmers’ resource use strategies is required for targeting soil fertility improving technologies to different niches within farms. We measured the variability of soil fertility with distance from homesteads on smallholder farms of different socio-economic groups on two soil types, a granite sand and a red clay, in Murewa, northeast Zimbabwe. Soil organic matter, available P and CEC decreased with distance from homestead on most farms. Soil available P was particularly responsive to management, irrespective of soil type, as it was more concentrated on the plots closest to homesteads on wealthy farms (8–13
mg
kg
−1), compared with plots further from homesteads and all plots on poor farms (2–6
mg
kg
−1). There was a large gap in amounts of mineral fertilizers used by the wealthiest farmers (>100
kg N and >15
kg P per farm; 39
kg
N
ha
−1 and 7
kg
P
ha
−1) and the poorest farmers (<20
kg N and <10
kg P per farm; 19
kg
N
ha
−1 and 4
kg
P
ha
−1). The wealthy farmers who owned cattle also used large amounts of manure, which provided at least 90
kg N and 25
kg P per farm per year (36
kg
N
ha
−1 and 10
kg
P
ha
−1). The poor farmers used little or no organic sources of nutrients. The wealthiest farmers distributed mineral fertilizers evenly across their farms, but preferentially targeted manure to the plots closest to the homesteads, which received about 70
kg N and 18
kg P per plot (76
kg
N
ha
−1 and 21
kg
P
ha
−1) from manure compared with 23
kg N and 9
kg P per plot on the mid-fields (26
kg
N
ha
−1 and 10
kg
P
ha
−1), and 10
kg N and 1
kg P per plot (and ha
−1) on the outfields. Crop allocation on the homefields was most diversified on the wealthiest farms where maize was allocated 41% of the area followed by grain legumes (24%) and paprika (21%). Maize was allocated at least 83% of the homefields on farms with less access to resources. All the farmers invariably applied nutrients to maize but little to groundnut. Maize grain yields were largest on the homefields on the wealthy farms (2.7–5.0
t
ha
−1), but poor across all fields on the poor farms (0.3–1.9
t
ha
−1). Groundnut grain yields showed little difference between farms and plots. N and P partial balances were largest on the wealthy farms, although these fluctuated from season to season (−20 to +80
kg N per farm and 15–30
kg P per farm; average 21
kg
N
ha
−1 and 8
kg
P
ha
−1). The partial balances on the wealthy farms were largest on the homefield (20–30
kg N and 13
kg P per plot; >26
kg
N
ha
−1 and >13
kg
P
ha
−1), but decreased to 10–20
N and 6–9
kg P per plot (<20
kg
N
ha
−1 and 13
kg
P
ha
−1) in mid-fields and −7 to +10
kg N and −1 to +1
kg P per plot (<10
kg
N
ha
−1 and <2
kg
P
ha
−1) in the outfields. N and P balances differed little across plots on the poor farms (−2 to +4
kg per plot; −5 to +4
kg
ha
−1) due to limited nutrients applied and small off-take from small harvests. This study highlights the need to consider soil fertility gradients and the crop and nutrient management patterns creating them when designing options to improve resource use efficiency on smallholder farms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-8809</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2305</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.019</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AEENDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; Arachis hypogaea ; Biological and medical sciences ; cation exchange capacity ; cattle ; cattle manure ; clay soils ; crop yield ; cropping systems ; crops ; farm income ; Farmer decision making ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agroecology ; General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping ; General agronomy. Plant production ; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development ; mineral fertilizers ; nutrient availability ; nutrient management ; Nutrient use efficiencies ; phosphorus ; Resource allocation ; sandy soils ; small farms ; small-scale farming ; socioeconomic status ; soil fertility ; Soil fertility gradients ; soil nutrient balance ; soil organic matter ; soil quality ; spatial variation ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2007-02, Vol.119 (1), p.112-126</ispartof><rights>2006 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-db7190aafba98bee29c73681fef04bdd5054a44f813ecbab52154e7f9cdb58b53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-db7190aafba98bee29c73681fef04bdd5054a44f813ecbab52154e7f9cdb58b53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18423247$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zingore, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murwira, H.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delve, R.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giller, K.E.</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of nutrient management strategies on variability of soil fertility, crop yields and nutrient balances on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe</title><title>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title><description>An improved understanding of soil fertility variability and farmers’ resource use strategies is required for targeting soil fertility improving technologies to different niches within farms. We measured the variability of soil fertility with distance from homesteads on smallholder farms of different socio-economic groups on two soil types, a granite sand and a red clay, in Murewa, northeast Zimbabwe. Soil organic matter, available P and CEC decreased with distance from homestead on most farms. Soil available P was particularly responsive to management, irrespective of soil type, as it was more concentrated on the plots closest to homesteads on wealthy farms (8–13
mg
kg
−1), compared with plots further from homesteads and all plots on poor farms (2–6
mg
kg
−1). There was a large gap in amounts of mineral fertilizers used by the wealthiest farmers (>100
kg N and >15
kg P per farm; 39
kg
N
ha
−1 and 7
kg
P
ha
−1) and the poorest farmers (<20
kg N and <10
kg P per farm; 19
kg
N
ha
−1 and 4
kg
P
ha
−1). The wealthy farmers who owned cattle also used large amounts of manure, which provided at least 90
kg N and 25
kg P per farm per year (36
kg
N
ha
−1 and 10
kg
P
ha
−1). The poor farmers used little or no organic sources of nutrients. The wealthiest farmers distributed mineral fertilizers evenly across their farms, but preferentially targeted manure to the plots closest to the homesteads, which received about 70
kg N and 18
kg P per plot (76
kg
N
ha
−1 and 21
kg
P
ha
−1) from manure compared with 23
kg N and 9
kg P per plot on the mid-fields (26
kg
N
ha
−1 and 10
kg
P
ha
−1), and 10
kg N and 1
kg P per plot (and ha
−1) on the outfields. Crop allocation on the homefields was most diversified on the wealthiest farms where maize was allocated 41% of the area followed by grain legumes (24%) and paprika (21%). Maize was allocated at least 83% of the homefields on farms with less access to resources. All the farmers invariably applied nutrients to maize but little to groundnut. Maize grain yields were largest on the homefields on the wealthy farms (2.7–5.0
t
ha
−1), but poor across all fields on the poor farms (0.3–1.9
t
ha
−1). Groundnut grain yields showed little difference between farms and plots. N and P partial balances were largest on the wealthy farms, although these fluctuated from season to season (−20 to +80
kg N per farm and 15–30
kg P per farm; average 21
kg
N
ha
−1 and 8
kg
P
ha
−1). The partial balances on the wealthy farms were largest on the homefield (20–30
kg N and 13
kg P per plot; >26
kg
N
ha
−1 and >13
kg
P
ha
−1), but decreased to 10–20
N and 6–9
kg P per plot (<20
kg
N
ha
−1 and 13
kg
P
ha
−1) in mid-fields and −7 to +10
kg N and −1 to +1
kg P per plot (<10
kg
N
ha
−1 and <2
kg
P
ha
−1) in the outfields. N and P balances differed little across plots on the poor farms (−2 to +4
kg per plot; −5 to +4
kg
ha
−1) due to limited nutrients applied and small off-take from small harvests. This study highlights the need to consider soil fertility gradients and the crop and nutrient management patterns creating them when designing options to improve resource use efficiency on smallholder farms.</description><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Arachis hypogaea</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cation exchange capacity</subject><subject>cattle</subject><subject>cattle manure</subject><subject>clay soils</subject><subject>crop yield</subject><subject>cropping systems</subject><subject>crops</subject><subject>farm income</subject><subject>Farmer decision making</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agroecology</subject><subject>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</subject><subject>mineral fertilizers</subject><subject>nutrient availability</subject><subject>nutrient management</subject><subject>Nutrient use efficiencies</subject><subject>phosphorus</subject><subject>Resource allocation</subject><subject>sandy soils</subject><subject>small farms</subject><subject>small-scale farming</subject><subject>socioeconomic status</subject><subject>soil fertility</subject><subject>Soil fertility gradients</subject><subject>soil nutrient balance</subject><subject>soil organic matter</subject><subject>soil quality</subject><subject>spatial variation</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><issn>0167-8809</issn><issn>1873-2305</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc9u1DAQxi1EJZbCC3DBFziRxX-STSxxQVWhlSpxaHvhYo2dcfHKiRfbW7Rv0UfG6VbqraORbFm_-WbmMyEfOFtzxjdft2u4Q1wLxjbrJbl6RVZ86GUjJOtek1WF-mYYmHpD3ua8ZTWEHFbk4XJ2YY-zRRodnfcleZwLnWCugtNyzSVBwTuPmcaZ3kPyYHzw5bAU5OgDdZjK48sXalPc0YPHMGYK8_gsaCBAbfKokScI4U8MIybqIE2Z-pn-9pMB8w_fkRMHIeP7p_OU3P44vzm7aK5-_bw8-37V2LbjpRlNzxUDcAbUYBCFsr3cDNyhY60Zx451LbStG7hEW4U7wbsWe6fsaLrBdPKUfD7q7lL8u8dc9OSzxVDHxLjPmqueiRoVFEew7pZzQqd3yU-QDpozvZivt3oxXy_m6yW5qkWfntQhWwgu1eV9fq4cWiFF21fu45FzEKtKqszttWBcMtbLbqPaSnw7EljNuPeYdLZ--a_RJ7RFj9G_NMh_oKKoCA</recordid><startdate>20070201</startdate><enddate>20070201</enddate><creator>Zingore, S.</creator><creator>Murwira, H.K.</creator><creator>Delve, R.J.</creator><creator>Giller, K.E.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070201</creationdate><title>Influence of nutrient management strategies on variability of soil fertility, crop yields and nutrient balances on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe</title><author>Zingore, S. ; Murwira, H.K. ; Delve, R.J. ; Giller, K.E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-db7190aafba98bee29c73681fef04bdd5054a44f813ecbab52154e7f9cdb58b53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Arachis hypogaea</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cation exchange capacity</topic><topic>cattle</topic><topic>cattle manure</topic><topic>clay soils</topic><topic>crop yield</topic><topic>cropping systems</topic><topic>crops</topic><topic>farm income</topic><topic>Farmer decision making</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agroecology</topic><topic>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</topic><topic>mineral fertilizers</topic><topic>nutrient availability</topic><topic>nutrient management</topic><topic>Nutrient use efficiencies</topic><topic>phosphorus</topic><topic>Resource allocation</topic><topic>sandy soils</topic><topic>small farms</topic><topic>small-scale farming</topic><topic>socioeconomic status</topic><topic>soil fertility</topic><topic>Soil fertility gradients</topic><topic>soil nutrient balance</topic><topic>soil organic matter</topic><topic>soil quality</topic><topic>spatial variation</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zingore, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murwira, H.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delve, R.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giller, K.E.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zingore, S.</au><au>Murwira, H.K.</au><au>Delve, R.J.</au><au>Giller, K.E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of nutrient management strategies on variability of soil fertility, crop yields and nutrient balances on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe</atitle><jtitle>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</jtitle><date>2007-02-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>119</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>112</spage><epage>126</epage><pages>112-126</pages><issn>0167-8809</issn><eissn>1873-2305</eissn><coden>AEENDO</coden><abstract>An improved understanding of soil fertility variability and farmers’ resource use strategies is required for targeting soil fertility improving technologies to different niches within farms. We measured the variability of soil fertility with distance from homesteads on smallholder farms of different socio-economic groups on two soil types, a granite sand and a red clay, in Murewa, northeast Zimbabwe. Soil organic matter, available P and CEC decreased with distance from homestead on most farms. Soil available P was particularly responsive to management, irrespective of soil type, as it was more concentrated on the plots closest to homesteads on wealthy farms (8–13
mg
kg
−1), compared with plots further from homesteads and all plots on poor farms (2–6
mg
kg
−1). There was a large gap in amounts of mineral fertilizers used by the wealthiest farmers (>100
kg N and >15
kg P per farm; 39
kg
N
ha
−1 and 7
kg
P
ha
−1) and the poorest farmers (<20
kg N and <10
kg P per farm; 19
kg
N
ha
−1 and 4
kg
P
ha
−1). The wealthy farmers who owned cattle also used large amounts of manure, which provided at least 90
kg N and 25
kg P per farm per year (36
kg
N
ha
−1 and 10
kg
P
ha
−1). The poor farmers used little or no organic sources of nutrients. The wealthiest farmers distributed mineral fertilizers evenly across their farms, but preferentially targeted manure to the plots closest to the homesteads, which received about 70
kg N and 18
kg P per plot (76
kg
N
ha
−1 and 21
kg
P
ha
−1) from manure compared with 23
kg N and 9
kg P per plot on the mid-fields (26
kg
N
ha
−1 and 10
kg
P
ha
−1), and 10
kg N and 1
kg P per plot (and ha
−1) on the outfields. Crop allocation on the homefields was most diversified on the wealthiest farms where maize was allocated 41% of the area followed by grain legumes (24%) and paprika (21%). Maize was allocated at least 83% of the homefields on farms with less access to resources. All the farmers invariably applied nutrients to maize but little to groundnut. Maize grain yields were largest on the homefields on the wealthy farms (2.7–5.0
t
ha
−1), but poor across all fields on the poor farms (0.3–1.9
t
ha
−1). Groundnut grain yields showed little difference between farms and plots. N and P partial balances were largest on the wealthy farms, although these fluctuated from season to season (−20 to +80
kg N per farm and 15–30
kg P per farm; average 21
kg
N
ha
−1 and 8
kg
P
ha
−1). The partial balances on the wealthy farms were largest on the homefield (20–30
kg N and 13
kg P per plot; >26
kg
N
ha
−1 and >13
kg
P
ha
−1), but decreased to 10–20
N and 6–9
kg P per plot (<20
kg
N
ha
−1 and 13
kg
P
ha
−1) in mid-fields and −7 to +10
kg N and −1 to +1
kg P per plot (<10
kg
N
ha
−1 and <2
kg
P
ha
−1) in the outfields. N and P balances differed little across plots on the poor farms (−2 to +4
kg per plot; −5 to +4
kg
ha
−1) due to limited nutrients applied and small off-take from small harvests. This study highlights the need to consider soil fertility gradients and the crop and nutrient management patterns creating them when designing options to improve resource use efficiency on smallholder farms.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.019</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0167-8809 |
| ispartof | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2007-02, Vol.119 (1), p.112-126 |
| issn | 0167-8809 1873-2305 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_19702222 |
| source | Elsevier:Jisc Collections:Elsevier Read and Publish Agreement 2022-2024:Freedom Collection (Reading list) |
| subjects | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Arachis hypogaea Biological and medical sciences cation exchange capacity cattle cattle manure clay soils crop yield cropping systems crops farm income Farmer decision making Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agroecology General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development mineral fertilizers nutrient availability nutrient management Nutrient use efficiencies phosphorus Resource allocation sandy soils small farms small-scale farming socioeconomic status soil fertility Soil fertility gradients soil nutrient balance soil organic matter soil quality spatial variation Zea mays |
| title | Influence of nutrient management strategies on variability of soil fertility, crop yields and nutrient balances on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe |
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