Photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac using TiO2-SnO2 mixed oxide catalysts

The complex nature of diclofenac limits its biological degradation, posing a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Our present work aims to eliminate diclofenac from wastewater through photocatalytic degradation using TiO 2 -SnO 2 mixed-oxide catalysts under various operating conditions such as catal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental technology 2019-03, Vol.40 (7), p.929-941
Main Authors: Mugunthan, E., Saidutta, M. B., Jagadeeshbabu, P. E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic organisms
Biodegradation
Catalysis
Catalysts
Catalytic activity
degradation
Diclofenac
Energy gap
hydrothermal method
Irradiation
Mineralization
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Organic carbon
pH effects
Photocatalysis
Photodegradation
photoproducts
Reproducibility
Stability
Tin
Tin dioxide
Titanium dioxide
Total organic carbon
Ultraviolet radiation
Wastewater
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Summary:The complex nature of diclofenac limits its biological degradation, posing a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Our present work aims to eliminate diclofenac from wastewater through photocatalytic degradation using TiO 2 -SnO 2 mixed-oxide catalysts under various operating conditions such as catalyst loading, initial diclofenac concentration and initial pH. Different molar ratios of Ti-Sn (1:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1 and 30:1) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and were characterized. The results indicated that addition of Sn in small quantity enhances the catalytic activity of TiO 2 . Energy Band gap of the TiO 2 -SnO 2 catalysts was found to increase with an increase in Tin content. TiO 2 -SnO 2 catalyst with a molar ratio of 20:1 was found to be the most effective when compared to other catalysts. The results suggested that initial drug concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst loading of 0.8 g/L and pH 5 were the optimum operating conditions for complete degradation of diclofenac. Also, the TiO 2 -SnO 2 catalyst was effective in complete mineralization of diclofenac with a maximum total organic carbon removal of 90% achieved under ultraviolet irradiation. The repeatability and stability results showed that the TiO 2 -SnO 2 catalyst exhibited an excellent repeatability and better stability over the repeated reaction cycles. The photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac resulted in several photoproducts, which were identified through LC-MS.
ISSN:0959-3330
1479-487X
DOI:10.1080/09593330.2017.1411398