Giant nonlinear response at a plasmonic nanofocus drives efficient four-wave mixing

Efficient optical frequency mixing typically must accumulate over large interaction lengths because nonlinear responses in natural materials are inherently weak. This limits the efficiency of mixing processes owing to the requirement of phase matching. Here, we report efficient four-wave mixing (FWM...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2017-12, Vol.358 (6367), p.1179-1181
Main Authors: Nielsen, Michael P., Shi, Xingyuan, Dichtl, Paul, Maier, Stefan A., Oulton, Rupert F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Broadband
Electromagnetic fields
Four-wave mixing
Light
Mixing processes
Nonlinear optics
Nonlinear response
Optical frequency
Optics
Phase matching
Photonics
Photons
Polymers
Silicon
Wavelengths
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Summary:Efficient optical frequency mixing typically must accumulate over large interaction lengths because nonlinear responses in natural materials are inherently weak. This limits the efficiency of mixing processes owing to the requirement of phase matching. Here, we report efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) over micrometer-scale interaction lengths at telecommunications wavelengths on silicon. We used an integrated plasmonic gap waveguide that strongly confines light within a nonlinear organic polymer. The gap waveguide intensifies light by nanofocusing it to a mode cross-section of a few tens of nanometers, thus generating a nonlinear response so strong that efficient FWM accumulates over wavelength-scale distances. This technique opens up nonlinear optics to a regime of relaxed phase matching, with the possibility of compact, broadband, and efficient frequency mixing integrated with silicon photonics.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.aao1467