Group A streptococcal M-like proteins: From pathogenesis to vaccine potential

M and M-like surface proteins from group A Streptococcus (GAS) act as virulence factors and have been used in multiple vaccine candidates. While the M protein has been extensively studied, the two genetically and functionally related M-like proteins, Mrp and Enn, although present in most streptococc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEMS microbiology reviews 2018-03, Vol.42 (2), p.193-204
Main Authors: Frost, Hannah R, Sanderson-Smith, Martina, Walker, Mark, Botteaux, Anne, Smeesters, Pierre R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens, Bacterial - genetics
Antigens, Bacterial - immunology
Antigens, Bacterial - metabolism
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - immunology
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Proteins - immunology
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Bacterial Vaccines - immunology
Carrier Proteins - genetics
Carrier Proteins - immunology
Carrier Proteins - metabolism
Genetic analysis
Immunogenicity
M protein
Pathogenesis
Proteins
Streptococcus
Streptococcus - genetics
Streptococcus - immunology
Streptococcus - metabolism
Streptococcus - pathogenicity
Streptococcus infections
Vaccines
Virulence
Virulence factors
Virulence Factors - metabolism
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Summary:M and M-like surface proteins from group A Streptococcus (GAS) act as virulence factors and have been used in multiple vaccine candidates. While the M protein has been extensively studied, the two genetically and functionally related M-like proteins, Mrp and Enn, although present in most streptococcal strains have been relatively less characterised. We compile the current state of knowledge for these two proteins, from discovery to recent studies on function and immunogenicity, using the M protein for comparison as a prototype of this family of proteins. We focus on the known interactions between M-like proteins and host ligand proteins, and analyse the genetic data supporting these interactions. We discuss known and possible functions of M-like proteins during GAS infections, and highlight knowledge gaps where further investigation is warranted.
ISSN:1574-6976
0168-6445
1574-6976
DOI:10.1093/femsre/fux057