Risk of malformations associated with residential proximity to hazardous waste sites in Washington State

Hazardous waste sites often contain substances harmful to fetal development. Using linked birth-hospital discharge and hazardous sites data for Washington State, we evaluated the association between malformation occurrence and maternal residential proximity to hazardous waste sites. Cases ( N=63,006...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental research 2007-03, Vol.103 (3), p.405-412
Main Authors: Kuehn, Carrie M., Mueller, Beth A., Checkoway, Harvey, Williams, Marcia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Birth certificates
Birth defects
Congenital Abnormalities - epidemiology
Congenital Abnormalities - etiology
Databases, Factual
Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Geographic Information Systems
Geography
GIS
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste - adverse effects
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Male
Malformations
Maternal Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Odds Ratio
Pregnancy
Residence Characteristics
Risk Factors
Teratology. Teratogens
Washington - epidemiology
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Summary:Hazardous waste sites often contain substances harmful to fetal development. Using linked birth-hospital discharge and hazardous sites data for Washington State, we evaluated the association between malformation occurrence and maternal residential proximity to hazardous waste sites. Cases ( N=63,006) were infants born 1987–2001 with malformations. Controls ( N=315,030) were randomly selected infants without malformations born during these years. Distance between maternal residence and nearest hazardous waste site was measured using geographic information systems (GIS) software. Odds ratio (OR) estimates of the relative risk of malformation at varying distances were calculated. Relative to living >5 miles from a site, living ⩽5 miles was associated with increased risk of any malformations in offspring (for >2–⩽5 miles: OR 1.15: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10, 1.21; for >1–⩽2 miles: OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.32; for >0.5–⩽1 miles: OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.35; for ⩽0.5 miles: OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.40.) Risk estimates varied by urban vs. rural maternal residence and by specific malformation type. Hazardous waste sites are often located within populated areas. Thus, the possibility of increased malformation occurrence among those in close proximity deserves closer scrutiny.
ISSN:0013-9351
1096-0953
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.008