A Mineralized Collagen-Polycaprolactone Composite Promotes Healing of a Porcine Mandibular Defect

A tissue engineering approach to address craniofacial defects requires a biomaterial that balances macro-scale mechanical stiffness and strength with the micron-scale features that promote cell expansion and tissue biosynthesis. Such criteria are often in opposition, leading to suboptimal mechanical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tissue engineering. Part A 2018-06, Vol.24 (11-12), p.943-954
Main Authors: Weisgerber, Daniel W., Milner, Derek J., Lopez-Lake, Heather, Rubessa, Marcello, Lotti, Sammi, Polkoff, Kathryn, Hortensius, Rebecca A., Flanagan, Colleen L., Hollister, Scott J., Wheeler, Matthew B., Harley, Brendan A.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal sciences
Animals
Biological activity
Biology
Biomaterials
Biomedical engineering
Biomedical materials
Bone and Bones - pathology
Bone morphogenetic protein 2
Collagen
Collagen - chemistry
Computed tomography
Defects
Hydroxyapatite
Laser sintering
Mandible
Mandibular Diseases - drug therapy
Mandibular Diseases - metabolism
Mineralization
Original Articles
Polycaprolactone
Polyesters - chemistry
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Swine
Tissue engineering
Wound Healing - drug effects
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Summary:A tissue engineering approach to address craniofacial defects requires a biomaterial that balances macro-scale mechanical stiffness and strength with the micron-scale features that promote cell expansion and tissue biosynthesis. Such criteria are often in opposition, leading to suboptimal mechanical competence or bioactivity. We report the use of a multiscale composite biomaterial that integrates a polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforcement structure with a mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold to circumvent conventional tradeoffs between mechanics and bioactivity. The composite promotes activation of the canonical bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) pathway and subsequent mineralization of adipose-derived stem cells in the absence of supplemental BMP-2 or osteogenic media. We subsequently examined new bone infill in the acellular composite, scaffold alone, or PCL support in 10 mm dia. ramus mandibular defects in Yorkshire pigs. We report an analytical approach to quantify radial, angular, and depth bone infill from micro-computed tomography data. The collagen-PCL composite showed improved overall infill, and significantly increased radial and angular bone infill versus the PCL cage alone. Bone infill was further enhanced in the composite for defects that penetrated the medullary cavity, suggesting recruitment of marrow-derived cells. These results indicate a multiscale mineralized collagen-PCL composite offers strategic advantages for regenerative repair of craniofacial bone defects.
ISSN:1937-3341
1937-335X
DOI:10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0293