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Upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function in women with and without large breasts: A cross sectional study
Women with large breasts frequently experience upper torso pain secondary to their breast size. Evidence is lacking on the underlying causes of this pain. This study investigated whether upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function differed between women with large breasts and women w...
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| Published in: | Clinical biomechanics (Bristol) 2018-01, Vol.51, p.99-104 |
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| container_title | Clinical biomechanics (Bristol) |
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| creator | McGhee, Deirdre E. Coltman, Karly A. Riddiford-Harland, Diane L. Steele, Julie R. |
| description | Women with large breasts frequently experience upper torso pain secondary to their breast size. Evidence is lacking on the underlying causes of this pain. This study investigated whether upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function differed between women with large breasts and women with small breasts.
A linear regression, adjusting for body mass, compared the upper torso pain, thoracic flexion torque due to breast mass, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder active range-of-motion, and scapular retraction muscle strength of 27 women with large breasts (bilateral breast volume>1200ml, age 45.9y SD 9.9y, BMI 29.0kg/m2 SD 3.8kg/m2) and 26 women with small breasts (bilateral breast volume |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.12.009 |
| format | article |
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A linear regression, adjusting for body mass, compared the upper torso pain, thoracic flexion torque due to breast mass, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder active range-of-motion, and scapular retraction muscle strength of 27 women with large breasts (bilateral breast volume>1200ml, age 45.9y SD 9.9y, BMI 29.0kg/m2 SD 3.8kg/m2) and 26 women with small breasts (bilateral breast volume <800ml, age 43.8y SD10.9y, BMI 23.3kg/m2 SD 2.9kg/m2).
Women with large breasts reported a higher upper torso pain score (46.6, 95%CI 33.3–58.0 versus 24.1, 95%CI 12.5–37.8), accompanied by a larger flexion torque (5.9Nm, 95%CI 4.5–5.8Nm versus 0.9Nm, 95%CI 0.8–2.4Nm), greater thoracic kyphosis (34°, 95%CI 31–38° versus 27°, 95% CI 24–31°), decreased shoulder elevation range-of-motion (160°, 95%CI 158–163° versus 169°, 95%CI 166–172°), and decreased scapular retraction endurance-strength (511.4s, 95%CI 362.2–691.3s versus 875.8s, 95%CI 691.5–1028.4s) compared to the women with small breasts.
Differences in the upper torso posture, range-of-motion, and muscle strength of women with large breasts provides insight into underlying causes of their musculoskeletal pain. This information can be used to develop evidence-based assessment and treatment strategies to relieve and prevent symptom progression.
•Evidence is lacking on underlying causes of pain associated with large breasts•Differences in the structure and function of the upper torso were investigated•Women with large breasts had a greater thoracic kyphosis angle and flexion torque•Less shoulder flexion range-of-motion and scapulae retractor endurance-strength•These differences may guide treatment to alleviate this pain</description><identifier>ISSN: 0268-0033</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1271</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.12.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29287172</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Breast ; Muscle strength ; Musculoskeletal pain ; Range-of-motion ; Thoracic kyphosis ; Women's health</subject><ispartof>Clinical biomechanics (Bristol), 2018-01, Vol.51, p.99-104</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-13811e54eb17aab200c9234ce6cac1ab8cd8f2199826b0c2a8e2e177c32696e73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-13811e54eb17aab200c9234ce6cac1ab8cd8f2199826b0c2a8e2e177c32696e73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8070-2533</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29287172$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McGhee, Deirdre E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coltman, Karly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddiford-Harland, Diane L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steele, Julie R.</creatorcontrib><title>Upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function in women with and without large breasts: A cross sectional study</title><title>Clinical biomechanics (Bristol)</title><addtitle>Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)</addtitle><description>Women with large breasts frequently experience upper torso pain secondary to their breast size. Evidence is lacking on the underlying causes of this pain. This study investigated whether upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function differed between women with large breasts and women with small breasts.
A linear regression, adjusting for body mass, compared the upper torso pain, thoracic flexion torque due to breast mass, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder active range-of-motion, and scapular retraction muscle strength of 27 women with large breasts (bilateral breast volume>1200ml, age 45.9y SD 9.9y, BMI 29.0kg/m2 SD 3.8kg/m2) and 26 women with small breasts (bilateral breast volume <800ml, age 43.8y SD10.9y, BMI 23.3kg/m2 SD 2.9kg/m2).
Women with large breasts reported a higher upper torso pain score (46.6, 95%CI 33.3–58.0 versus 24.1, 95%CI 12.5–37.8), accompanied by a larger flexion torque (5.9Nm, 95%CI 4.5–5.8Nm versus 0.9Nm, 95%CI 0.8–2.4Nm), greater thoracic kyphosis (34°, 95%CI 31–38° versus 27°, 95% CI 24–31°), decreased shoulder elevation range-of-motion (160°, 95%CI 158–163° versus 169°, 95%CI 166–172°), and decreased scapular retraction endurance-strength (511.4s, 95%CI 362.2–691.3s versus 875.8s, 95%CI 691.5–1028.4s) compared to the women with small breasts.
Differences in the upper torso posture, range-of-motion, and muscle strength of women with large breasts provides insight into underlying causes of their musculoskeletal pain. This information can be used to develop evidence-based assessment and treatment strategies to relieve and prevent symptom progression.
•Evidence is lacking on underlying causes of pain associated with large breasts•Differences in the structure and function of the upper torso were investigated•Women with large breasts had a greater thoracic kyphosis angle and flexion torque•Less shoulder flexion range-of-motion and scapulae retractor endurance-strength•These differences may guide treatment to alleviate this pain</description><subject>Breast</subject><subject>Muscle strength</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal pain</subject><subject>Range-of-motion</subject><subject>Thoracic kyphosis</subject><subject>Women's health</subject><issn>0268-0033</issn><issn>1879-1271</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkE1v1DAQhi0EokvhLyBz45LgcdLY4Vat-JIqcaFny5nMUi9JHPwBqsSPx5stiCMX29I878z4YewViBoEdG-ONU5uGZyfCe9qKUDVIGsh-kdsB1r1FUgFj9lOyE5XQjTNBXsW41EI0cor9ZRdyF5qBUru2K_bdaXAkw_R89W6hdtl5HOOmCcfv9FEyU48ppAx5UBb9ZAXTM4vvNA_yw7ldOluK50ePic-2fCV-BDIxhTf8muOwcfII23BrWMe75-zJwc7RXrxcF-y2_fvvuw_VjefP3zaX99U2EqdKmg0AF21NICydpBCYC-bFqlDi2AHjaM-SOh7LbtBoLSaJIFS2Miu70g1l-z1ue8a_PdMMZnZRaRpsgv5HA2UpG5baKGg_RndFg50MGtwsw33BoQ5yTdH8498c5JvQJoiv2RfPozJw0zj3-Qf2wXYnwEqn_3hKJiIjhak0YVixoze_ceY3w7enk0</recordid><startdate>201801</startdate><enddate>201801</enddate><creator>McGhee, Deirdre E.</creator><creator>Coltman, Karly A.</creator><creator>Riddiford-Harland, Diane L.</creator><creator>Steele, Julie R.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-2533</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201801</creationdate><title>Upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function in women with and without large breasts: A cross sectional study</title><author>McGhee, Deirdre E. ; Coltman, Karly A. ; Riddiford-Harland, Diane L. ; Steele, Julie R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-13811e54eb17aab200c9234ce6cac1ab8cd8f2199826b0c2a8e2e177c32696e73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Breast</topic><topic>Muscle strength</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal pain</topic><topic>Range-of-motion</topic><topic>Thoracic kyphosis</topic><topic>Women's health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>McGhee, Deirdre E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coltman, Karly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddiford-Harland, Diane L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steele, Julie R.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical biomechanics (Bristol)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>McGhee, Deirdre E.</au><au>Coltman, Karly A.</au><au>Riddiford-Harland, Diane L.</au><au>Steele, Julie R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function in women with and without large breasts: A cross sectional study</atitle><jtitle>Clinical biomechanics (Bristol)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)</addtitle><date>2018-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>51</volume><spage>99</spage><epage>104</epage><pages>99-104</pages><issn>0268-0033</issn><eissn>1879-1271</eissn><abstract>Women with large breasts frequently experience upper torso pain secondary to their breast size. Evidence is lacking on the underlying causes of this pain. This study investigated whether upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function differed between women with large breasts and women with small breasts.
A linear regression, adjusting for body mass, compared the upper torso pain, thoracic flexion torque due to breast mass, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder active range-of-motion, and scapular retraction muscle strength of 27 women with large breasts (bilateral breast volume>1200ml, age 45.9y SD 9.9y, BMI 29.0kg/m2 SD 3.8kg/m2) and 26 women with small breasts (bilateral breast volume <800ml, age 43.8y SD10.9y, BMI 23.3kg/m2 SD 2.9kg/m2).
Women with large breasts reported a higher upper torso pain score (46.6, 95%CI 33.3–58.0 versus 24.1, 95%CI 12.5–37.8), accompanied by a larger flexion torque (5.9Nm, 95%CI 4.5–5.8Nm versus 0.9Nm, 95%CI 0.8–2.4Nm), greater thoracic kyphosis (34°, 95%CI 31–38° versus 27°, 95% CI 24–31°), decreased shoulder elevation range-of-motion (160°, 95%CI 158–163° versus 169°, 95%CI 166–172°), and decreased scapular retraction endurance-strength (511.4s, 95%CI 362.2–691.3s versus 875.8s, 95%CI 691.5–1028.4s) compared to the women with small breasts.
Differences in the upper torso posture, range-of-motion, and muscle strength of women with large breasts provides insight into underlying causes of their musculoskeletal pain. This information can be used to develop evidence-based assessment and treatment strategies to relieve and prevent symptom progression.
•Evidence is lacking on underlying causes of pain associated with large breasts•Differences in the structure and function of the upper torso were investigated•Women with large breasts had a greater thoracic kyphosis angle and flexion torque•Less shoulder flexion range-of-motion and scapulae retractor endurance-strength•These differences may guide treatment to alleviate this pain</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>29287172</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.12.009</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-2533</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
| subjects | Breast Muscle strength Musculoskeletal pain Range-of-motion Thoracic kyphosis Women's health |
| title | Upper torso pain and musculoskeletal structure and function in women with and without large breasts: A cross sectional study |
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