Application of molecular tools to elucidate the microbiota of seafood

The aim of this review is to present the methodologies currently applied to identify microbiota and pathogens transmitted to humans through seafood consumption, focusing on molecular techniques and pointing out their importance, advantages, disadvantages and applicability. Knowledge of available tec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology 2018-06, Vol.124 (6), p.1347-1365
Main Authors: Rodrigues, P.A., Ferrari, R.G., Conte‐Junior, C.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Communities
Cultivation
Cultivation techniques
fish (as food)
Foodborne Diseases - microbiology
Genetics
genomics
genotyping
Humans
Metabolites
Metabolomics
microarray
Microbial activity
microbial phylogenetics
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Molecular chains
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Proteins
rRNA 16S
Seafood
Seafood - microbiology
Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods
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Summary:The aim of this review is to present the methodologies currently applied to identify microbiota and pathogens transmitted to humans through seafood consumption, focusing on molecular techniques and pointing out their importance, advantages, disadvantages and applicability. Knowledge of available techniques allows researchers to identify which technique best fits their expectations. With such discernment, it will be possible to infer which disadvantages will be present and, therefore, not interfering with the final result. Two methodologies can be employed for this purpose, dependent and independent cultures. However, the dependent culture has certain limitations that can be solved through the independent cultivation techniques, such as PCR, PFGE and NGS, especially through the sequencing of the 16S rRNA region, providing a complete view of microbial diversity. These have revolutionized microbiological knowledge, mainly because they allow for the identification of uncultivable micro‐organisms, which represent a substantial portion of total micro‐organisms, making it possible to elucidate not yet described taxa which may display pathogenic potential, besides quantifying microbial communities, microbiota genetics, translated proteins and produced metabolites. In addition, transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques also allow for the evaluation of possible impacts that microbial communities may create in their environment, as well as the determination of potential pathogenicity to humans.
ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/jam.13701