Association between cotinine‐verified smoking status and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background & Aims The relationship between cigarette smoking and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been controversial. Most relevant studies have relied on self‐reported questionnaires. We aimed to elucidate the association between smoking status and NAFLD using an objective biomarker...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Liver international 2018-08, Vol.38 (8), p.1487-1494
Main Authors: Kim, Nam Hee, Jung, Yoon Suk, Hong, Hyun Pyo, Park, Jung Ho, Kim, Hong Joo, Park, Dong Il, Cho, Yong Kyun, Sohn, Chong Il, Jeon, Woo Kyu, Kim, Byung Ik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Biomarkers
Cigarette smoking
Cigarette Smoking - adverse effects
Cigarette Smoking - epidemiology
Confidence intervals
Correlation analysis
Cotinine
Cotinine - urine
Cross-Sectional Studies
Fatty liver
Female
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Humans
Liver
Liver diseases
Logistic Models
Longitudinal studies
Male
Multivariate Analysis
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - urine
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Population studies
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Self Report
Smoking
South Sudan
Tobacco
Ultrasound
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Summary:Background & Aims The relationship between cigarette smoking and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been controversial. Most relevant studies have relied on self‐reported questionnaires. We aimed to elucidate the association between smoking status and NAFLD using an objective biomarker of tobacco exposure (urinary cotinine) and self‐reported questionnaire. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 160 862 asymptomatic examinees who underwent abdominal ultrasonography and urinary cotinine measurements between April 2011 and December 2015. Cotinine‐verified current smokers were defined as participants with urinary cotinine levels ≥50 ng/mL. Results The mean age of the study population was 36.1 years, and the proportion of men was 51.7%. The proportions of self‐reported and cotinine‐verified current smokers were 17.6% and 17.7% respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, self‐reported current smoking was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐1.14). Moreover, among the current smokers, the risk of NAFLD increased with an increase in the amount of cigarette smoking (
ISSN:1478-3223
1478-3231
DOI:10.1111/liv.13701