Cholera toxin induced novel genes in human lymphocytes and monocytes

Cholera toxin (CT) is well known as an inducer of the accumulation of cellular cAMP through the ADP-ribosylation of the Gs protein by CT. CT is also one of the most powerful mucosal adjuvants. However, the molecular mechanisms of the CT adjuvanticity are not well understood. Here, the transcriptiona...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular Immunology 2006-03, Vol.43 (8), p.1267-1274
Main Authors: Royaee, Atabak R., Jong, Linda, Mendis, Chanaka, Das, Rina, Jett, Marti, Yang, David C.H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvant
cAMP
CD2 Antigens - genetics
cDNA arrays
Cholera toxin
Cholera Toxin - pharmacology
Differential display
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Humans
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - genetics
Interleukins
Lymphocytes - drug effects
Lymphocytes - metabolism
Monocytes - drug effects
Monocytes - metabolism
mRNA
Novel genes
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
VEGF
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Summary:Cholera toxin (CT) is well known as an inducer of the accumulation of cellular cAMP through the ADP-ribosylation of the Gs protein by CT. CT is also one of the most powerful mucosal adjuvants. However, the molecular mechanisms of the CT adjuvanticity are not well understood. Here, the transcriptional responses of cultured human lymphocytes and monocytes in response to CT were analyzed using differential display-PCR. The full complement of cellular mRNA was examined by high resolution polyarylamide gel electrophoresis and sequence analyses of the PCR products of 240 primer sets. Over 100 genes with altered expression were initially identified. The expressions of 65 of these genes were further analyzed and confirmed using custom glass cDNA arrays, RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Immunomodulatory genes such as CD2, HIF1, CXCL2, L-plastin, LILR and IFI30 were affected by CT. In addition, 14 novel genes with previously unknown functions were found to be CT induced. These CT induced gene expression alterations provide more insight in the mechanisms of CT actions. The CT induced gene expressions alterations could contribute to the CT adjuvanticity.
ISSN:0161-5890
1872-9142
1365-2567
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2005.07.008