Paradigm shifts in understanding equine laminitis

• Published in: The veterinary journal (1997) 2018-01, Vol.231, p.33-40
• Main Authors: Patterson-Kane, J.C., Karikoski, N.P., McGowan, C.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Equine metabolic syndrome; Histopathology; Hoof; Insulin; Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
• ISSN: 1090-0233; 1532-2971
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.011

•Paradigm shifts in our understanding of equine laminitis have affected our understanding of the condition.•Most cases of equine laminitis are a clinical sign of systemic disease.•Laminitis associated with endocrine disease is the most common form in horses presenting primarily for lameness.•Histologically, endocrine laminitis is linked with elongation of lamellar cells rather than basement membrane pathology.•There is a variable subclinical phase associated with gross changes in the hoof capsule in endocrine laminitis. Laminitis, one of the most debilitating conditions of all equids, is now known to be the result of several systemic disease entities. This finding, together with other recent developments in the field of laminitis research, have provoked a rethink of our clinical and research strategies for this condition. First, laminitis is now considered to be a clinical syndrome associated with systemic disease (endocrine disease, sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS) or altered weight bearing rather than being a discrete disease entity. Next, laminitis associated with endocrine disease (endocrinopathic laminitis) is now believed to be the predominant form in animals presenting (primarily) for lameness. Third, the designation of laminitis as a primary and severe basement membrane pathology now requires revision. Instead, current data now proposes a variable subclinical phase associated with gross changes in the hoof capsule, with stretching and elongation of the lamellar cells an early and key event in the pathophysiology. These findings have fuelled new mechanistic hypotheses and research directions that will be discussed, together with their implications for future clinical management.