Paternity tests in Mexico: Results obtained in 3005 cases

National and international reports regarding the paternity testing activity scarcely include information from Mexico and other Latin American countries. Therefore, we report different results from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases analyzed during a period of five years in a Mexican paternity test...

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Published in:Journal of forensic and legal medicine 2018-04, Vol.55, p.1-7
Main Authors: García-Aceves, M.E., Romero Rentería, O., Díaz-Navarro, X.X., Rangel-Villalobos, H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromosomes, Human, Y
Genotype
Homozygote
Human identification
Humans
Male
Mexico
Microsatellite Repeats
Motherless
Mutation
Paternity
Paternity testing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
STRs
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container_title Journal of forensic and legal medicine
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creator García-Aceves, M.E.
Romero Rentería, O.
Díaz-Navarro, X.X.
Rangel-Villalobos, H.
description National and international reports regarding the paternity testing activity scarcely include information from Mexico and other Latin American countries. Therefore, we report different results from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases analyzed during a period of five years in a Mexican paternity testing laboratory. Motherless tests were the most frequent (77.27%), followed by trio cases (20.70%); the remaining 2.04% included different cases of kinship reconstruction. The paternity exclusion rate was 29.58%, higher but into the range reported by the American Association of Blood Banks (average 24.12%). We detected 65 mutations, most of them involving one-step (93.8% and the remaining were two-step mutations (6.2%) thus, we were able to estimate the paternal mutation rate for 17 different STR loci: 0.0018 (95% CI 0.0005–0.0047). Five triallelic patterns and 12 suspected null alleles were detected during this period; however, re-amplification of these samples with a different Human Identification (HID) kit confirmed the homozygous genotypes, which suggests that most of these exclusions actually are one-step mutations. HID kits with ≥20 STRs detected more exclusions, diminishing the rate of inconclusive results with isolated exclusions (
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Therefore, we report different results from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases analyzed during a period of five years in a Mexican paternity testing laboratory. Motherless tests were the most frequent (77.27%), followed by trio cases (20.70%); the remaining 2.04% included different cases of kinship reconstruction. The paternity exclusion rate was 29.58%, higher but into the range reported by the American Association of Blood Banks (average 24.12%). We detected 65 mutations, most of them involving one-step (93.8% and the remaining were two-step mutations (6.2%) thus, we were able to estimate the paternal mutation rate for 17 different STR loci: 0.0018 (95% CI 0.0005–0.0047). Five triallelic patterns and 12 suspected null alleles were detected during this period; however, re-amplification of these samples with a different Human Identification (HID) kit confirmed the homozygous genotypes, which suggests that most of these exclusions actually are one-step mutations. HID kits with ≥20 STRs detected more exclusions, diminishing the rate of inconclusive results with isolated exclusions (&lt;3 loci), and leading to higher paternity indexes (PI). However, the Powerplex 21 kit (20 STRs) and Powerplex Fusion kit (22 STRs) offered similar PI (p = 0.379) and average number of exclusions (PE) (p = 0.339) when a daughter was involved in motherless tests. In brief, besides to report forensic parameters from paternity tests in Mexico, results describe improvements to solve motherless paternity tests using HID kits with ≥20 STRs instead of one including 15 STRs. •Report different statistical parameters from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases.•Motherless cases were the most frequent paternity tests (77.3%).•The estimated exclusion rate was 29.6%.•In motherless cases, ≥ 20 STRs allowed decreasing the number of inconclusive cases and increased IP values.•Mutation rates, null alleles and triallelic pattern are described.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1752-928X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7487</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.02.003</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29433009</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Human identification ; Humans ; Male ; Mexico ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Motherless ; Mutation ; Paternity ; Paternity testing ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; STRs</subject><ispartof>Journal of forensic and legal medicine, 2018-04, Vol.55, p.1-7</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 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Therefore, we report different results from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases analyzed during a period of five years in a Mexican paternity testing laboratory. Motherless tests were the most frequent (77.27%), followed by trio cases (20.70%); the remaining 2.04% included different cases of kinship reconstruction. The paternity exclusion rate was 29.58%, higher but into the range reported by the American Association of Blood Banks (average 24.12%). We detected 65 mutations, most of them involving one-step (93.8% and the remaining were two-step mutations (6.2%) thus, we were able to estimate the paternal mutation rate for 17 different STR loci: 0.0018 (95% CI 0.0005–0.0047). Five triallelic patterns and 12 suspected null alleles were detected during this period; however, re-amplification of these samples with a different Human Identification (HID) kit confirmed the homozygous genotypes, which suggests that most of these exclusions actually are one-step mutations. HID kits with ≥20 STRs detected more exclusions, diminishing the rate of inconclusive results with isolated exclusions (&lt;3 loci), and leading to higher paternity indexes (PI). However, the Powerplex 21 kit (20 STRs) and Powerplex Fusion kit (22 STRs) offered similar PI (p = 0.379) and average number of exclusions (PE) (p = 0.339) when a daughter was involved in motherless tests. In brief, besides to report forensic parameters from paternity tests in Mexico, results describe improvements to solve motherless paternity tests using HID kits with ≥20 STRs instead of one including 15 STRs. •Report different statistical parameters from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases.•Motherless cases were the most frequent paternity tests (77.3%).•The estimated exclusion rate was 29.6%.•In motherless cases, ≥ 20 STRs allowed decreasing the number of inconclusive cases and increased IP values.•Mutation rates, null alleles and triallelic pattern are described.</description><subject>Chromosomes, Human, Y</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Homozygote</subject><subject>Human identification</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mexico</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats</subject><subject>Motherless</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Paternity</subject><subject>Paternity testing</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>STRs</subject><issn>1752-928X</issn><issn>1878-7487</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LxDAQxYMo7rr6BTxIj15aJ0nTNuJFFv_BiiIK3kKaTiCl265NK-63N2XVo6cZZt57zPwIOaWQUKDZRZ3UtlknDGiRAEsA-B6Z0yIv4jwt8v3Q54LFkhXvM3LkfQ0gUpaLQzJjMuUcQM6JfNYD9q0bttGAfvCRa6NH_HKmu4xe0I9NGHXloF2L1bQLLhEZ7dEfkwOrG48nP3VB3m5vXpf38erp7mF5vYoNF9kQs0wyXYJAmzOeaRS6TBEsFsjSMsuF4KKkGiutobI0N9bSlGZVBVzKbDpzQc53uZu--xjDjWrtvMGm0S12o1cMgErKpUiDlO2kpu-879GqTe_Wut8qCmpCpmo1IVMTMgVMBWTBdPaTP5ZrrP4sv4yC4GonwPDlp8NeeeOwNVi5Hs2gqs79l_8NMcd7aQ</recordid><startdate>201804</startdate><enddate>201804</enddate><creator>García-Aceves, M.E.</creator><creator>Romero Rentería, O.</creator><creator>Díaz-Navarro, X.X.</creator><creator>Rangel-Villalobos, H.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-8782</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201804</creationdate><title>Paternity tests in Mexico: Results obtained in 3005 cases</title><author>García-Aceves, M.E. ; Romero Rentería, O. ; Díaz-Navarro, X.X. ; Rangel-Villalobos, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-2692ab05ef7236ae5ab4e0fe8e24b675535b1aedaa0df17cff1416dd039969433</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Chromosomes, Human, Y</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Homozygote</topic><topic>Human identification</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mexico</topic><topic>Microsatellite Repeats</topic><topic>Motherless</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Paternity</topic><topic>Paternity testing</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>STRs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>García-Aceves, M.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romero Rentería, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Díaz-Navarro, X.X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rangel-Villalobos, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of forensic and legal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>García-Aceves, M.E.</au><au>Romero Rentería, O.</au><au>Díaz-Navarro, X.X.</au><au>Rangel-Villalobos, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Paternity tests in Mexico: Results obtained in 3005 cases</atitle><jtitle>Journal of forensic and legal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Forensic Leg Med</addtitle><date>2018-04</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>55</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>7</epage><pages>1-7</pages><issn>1752-928X</issn><eissn>1878-7487</eissn><abstract>National and international reports regarding the paternity testing activity scarcely include information from Mexico and other Latin American countries. Therefore, we report different results from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases analyzed during a period of five years in a Mexican paternity testing laboratory. Motherless tests were the most frequent (77.27%), followed by trio cases (20.70%); the remaining 2.04% included different cases of kinship reconstruction. The paternity exclusion rate was 29.58%, higher but into the range reported by the American Association of Blood Banks (average 24.12%). We detected 65 mutations, most of them involving one-step (93.8% and the remaining were two-step mutations (6.2%) thus, we were able to estimate the paternal mutation rate for 17 different STR loci: 0.0018 (95% CI 0.0005–0.0047). Five triallelic patterns and 12 suspected null alleles were detected during this period; however, re-amplification of these samples with a different Human Identification (HID) kit confirmed the homozygous genotypes, which suggests that most of these exclusions actually are one-step mutations. HID kits with ≥20 STRs detected more exclusions, diminishing the rate of inconclusive results with isolated exclusions (&lt;3 loci), and leading to higher paternity indexes (PI). However, the Powerplex 21 kit (20 STRs) and Powerplex Fusion kit (22 STRs) offered similar PI (p = 0.379) and average number of exclusions (PE) (p = 0.339) when a daughter was involved in motherless tests. In brief, besides to report forensic parameters from paternity tests in Mexico, results describe improvements to solve motherless paternity tests using HID kits with ≥20 STRs instead of one including 15 STRs. •Report different statistical parameters from the analysis of 3005 paternity cases.•Motherless cases were the most frequent paternity tests (77.3%).•The estimated exclusion rate was 29.6%.•In motherless cases, ≥ 20 STRs allowed decreasing the number of inconclusive cases and increased IP values.•Mutation rates, null alleles and triallelic pattern are described.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>29433009</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jflm.2018.02.003</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-8782</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Chromosomes, Human, Y
Genotype
Homozygote
Human identification
Humans
Male
Mexico
Microsatellite Repeats
Motherless
Mutation
Paternity
Paternity testing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
STRs
title Paternity tests in Mexico: Results obtained in 3005 cases
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