Hepatitis B Virus

[Display omitted] This infographic about hepatitis B virus explores its replication cycle, natural history of infection and pathogenesis, and how this can be controlled and treated. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common worldwide blood-borne pathogen. Chronic hepatitis B can progress to an inactive ca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.) 2018-04, Vol.26 (4), p.386-387
Main Authors: Shih, Chiaho, Yang, Ching-Chun, Choijilsuren, Gansukh, Chang, Chih-Hsu, Liou, An-Ting
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigens
Antigens, Viral
Cancer
Capsids
Chronic infection
Circular DNA
Cirrhosis
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Disease Models, Animal
DNA
DNA biosynthesis
Genomes
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B - prevention & control
Hepatitis B - transmission
Hepatitis B - virology
Hepatitis B Vaccines - therapeutic use
Hepatitis B virus - classification
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - pathogenicity
Hepatitis B virus - physiology
Humans
Immune clearance
Immunological tolerance
Liver
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Low level
Lymphocytes T
Microbiology
Nuclei
Nucleocapsid
Reverse transcription
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Synthesis
Vaccines, Synthetic
Virion
Viruses
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Summary:[Display omitted] This infographic about hepatitis B virus explores its replication cycle, natural history of infection and pathogenesis, and how this can be controlled and treated. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common worldwide blood-borne pathogen. Chronic hepatitis B can progress to an inactive carrier state, and then, in some patients, give rise to cirrhosis and cancer of the liver, leading to death. An HBV surface-antigen vaccine is effective, but treatments are currently not curative. HBV replicates via reverse transcription. Its covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA in the nucleus encodes a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which can be encapsidated by HBV polymerase. Reverse transcription occurs in the capsids by using the pgRNA as a template for the synthesis of single-stranded linear and then partially double-stranded relaxed circular (rc) DNA. Capsids containing a mature rc DNA genome target to the nucleus for ccc DNA synthesis. Persistent HBV infection is caused mainly by ccc DNA and immune tolerance to HBV antigens in the liver. Unlike acute infection, chronic carriers contain only a low level of HBV core-antigen-specific T cell activity, contributing to the lack of viral clearance.
ISSN:0966-842X
1878-4380
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2018.01.009