Swimming pools and fungi: An environmental epidemiology survey in Italian indoor swimming facilities

A growing number of people attend swimming facilities for recreational activities, rehabilitative treatments, or sport. Filamentous fungi and yeast can be isolated from contaminated air, water and surfaces and may represent a biological risk for employees and users. Here we investigated the occurren...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental health research 2007-06, Vol.17 (3), p.197-206
Main Authors: Brandi, Giorgio, Sisti, Maurizio, Paparini, Andrea, Gianfranceschi, Gianluca, Schiavano, Giuditta F., De Santi, Mauro, Santoni, Daniele, Magini, Valter, Romano-Spica, Vincenzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternaria
AP-PCR
Aspergillus
bioinformatics
Candida albicans
Cladosporium
Communicable Disease Control
Dermatomycoses - epidemiology
Dermatomycoses - etiology
Dermatomycoses - microbiology
Dermatomycoses - prevention & control
Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control
Environmental Exposure
environmental microbiology
Fungi
Humans
Italy - epidemiology
Mitosporic Fungi - genetics
Mitosporic Fungi - isolation & purification
Penicillium
phylogenetic analysis
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - analysis
Swimming
swimming pool
Water Microbiology
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Summary:A growing number of people attend swimming facilities for recreational activities, rehabilitative treatments, or sport. Filamentous fungi and yeast can be isolated from contaminated air, water and surfaces and may represent a biological risk for employees and users. Here we investigated the occurrence of mycotic species, in a sample of Italian swimming pools (n = 10). Detection and identification of isolated species were achieved by cultural and morphological methods. Results revealed moderate mycotic titres and a high biodiversity. Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria sp., were constantly detected in air and surfaces sampled by the swimming area, while pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was never detected. Fusarium spp. was the most common taxon isolated from surfaces. For one facility, we typed the genotypic profiles and studied, by genetic typing, the spatial and temporal distribution of isolates. Phylogenetic relationships between species were analysed by alignment of small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences.
ISSN:0960-3123
1369-1619
DOI:10.1080/09603120701254862