A review of dental implants and infection

Summary Dental implants have become increasingly common for the management of tooth loss. Despite their placement in a contaminated surgical field, success rates are relatively high. This article reviews dental implants and highlights factors leading to infection and potential implant failure. A lit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of hospital infection 2009-06, Vol.72 (2), p.104-110
Main Authors: Pye, A.D, Lockhart, D.E.A, Dawson, M.P, Murray, C.A, Smith, A.J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Biological and medical sciences
Candida
Dental implants
Dental Implants - adverse effects
Failure
Humans
Infections
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Mycoses - microbiology
Peri-implantitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Prosthesis-Related Infections - microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus
Treponema denticola
United Kingdom
Veillonella
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Summary:Summary Dental implants have become increasingly common for the management of tooth loss. Despite their placement in a contaminated surgical field, success rates are relatively high. This article reviews dental implants and highlights factors leading to infection and potential implant failure. A literature search identified studies analysing the microbial composition of peri-implant infections. The microflora of dental peri-implantitis resembles that found in chronic periodontitis, featuring predominantly anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia , anaerobic Gram-negative cocci such as Veillonella spp. and spirochaetes including Treponema denticola . The role of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci that are typically encountered in orthopaedic infections is debatable, although they undoubtedly play a role when isolated from clinically infected sites. Likewise, the aetiological involvement of coliforms and Candida spp. requires further longitudinal studies. Currently, there are neither standardised antibiotic prophylactic regimens for dental implant placement nor universally accepted treatment for peri-implantitis. The treatment of infected implants is difficult and usually requires removal. In the UK there is no systematic post-surgical implant surveillance programme. Therefore, the development of such a project would be advisable and provide valuable epidemiological data.
ISSN:0195-6701
1532-2939
DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.02.010